MODERN STATE OF CREATION, PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH OF DRUGS. Notice 26. Tablets for chewing, characteristics, classification, methods of obtaining, excipients in the production of tablets for chewing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2312-0967.2016.4.7130Keywords:
chewable tablets.Abstract
Introduction
The important step at the new drug creating is the choice of dosage form, which would meet all the as technological and consumers requirements. Tablets are the most common solid dosage forms and they are the most convenient in use. However, many patients have difficulty with tablets and capsules swallowing because of their size [1]. The chewing tablets were created to improve compliance and facilitate use of tabletted dosage forms [2, 3, 4].
There are two types of chewing tablets according to USP: the first type can be chewed to facilitate swallowing, the second type should be chewed or crushed before swallowing to prevent obstruction and better release of active pharmaceutical ingredients [5].
Tablets for chewing have advantages compared to other solid oral dosage forms: better stability, higher bioavailability by avoiding destruction (and possible increase solubility), compliance of patients because of the opportunity to use without water, they can replace liquid dosage forms and provide fast onset of action improving consumer characteristics, which is especially important in pediatrics, by improving the taste [6, 7]. Tablets for chewing is an alternative dosage form for vitamins, analgesic drugs and drugs for the treatment of cough colds and to provide a therapeutic effect in the mouth when the active pharmaceutical ingredient is intended localized act and not systemically [8].
There are certain restrictions on the use of tablets for chewing in cases when they contain large amounts of active pharmaceutical ingredients with an unpleasant bitter taste, which is very difficult to adjust or hide [9, 10].
Features of the application of this type of tablets is that the its components of long-term contact with the taste and olfactory receptors. Therefore, besides the traditional organoleptic properties such as taste and smell, it is necessary to investigate flavor, aroma, «aftertaste» and «sensation in the mouth» [11]. This is especially important in the development of drugs based on the active pharmaceutical ingredient with a bitter taste, and high-dose [12, 13].
With the successful development of pharmaceutical technology and stable quality tablets for chewing first step is to establish a complete profile of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. We need to get information about the physical properties (color smell, taste, after taste and sensation in the mouth), fitness (crystal, amorphous powder, solid, oily liquid, etc.), melting point, polymorphism, solubility, moisture content, stability, cohesion, chemical properties (chemical composition and chemical class, the main reaction of the chemical class, the basic incompatibility) active pharmaceutical ingredient.
The following technologies are used to produce tablets for chewing, wet granulation, microcapsulations, solid dispersion formation by sorption using dissolution or melting, ion exchange, hardening after spraying and spray coating, forming various salts and derivatives, the use of amino acids and hydrolysates protein droplet, technology and molecular complexes and lyophilization [14].
The traditional and specific excipients (special fillers, sweeteners, flavorings, in some cases, dyes) are used at the production of chewing tablets.
There are four important aspects of the chewable tablets production: the appropriate introduction of colorants, provide the required particle size distribution, ensuring the proper moisture content and achieve adequate hardness of the tablet.
Conclusions
Advantages, disadvantages and requirements for tablets for chewing, methods and characteristics of their preparation are given in this article.References
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