COMMON SNOWBALL – A MEDICINAL PLANT WITH SIGNIFICANT RESOURCE POTENTIAL: STUDY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF ITS LEAVES AND DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR THEIR STANDARDIZATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2312-0967.2025.2.15290Keywords:
Viburnum opulus, resource value, leaves, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, HPTLC, spectrophotometry, standardizationAbstract
This study aimed to investigate the flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids present in the leaves of the common snowball (Viburnum opulus L.) and to develop methods for their standardization.
Materials and Methods: Four samples of common snowball leaves, collected during the flowering period from three locations: Ternopil (first and second samples), Lviv (third sample), and Volyn (fourth sample) were used for the analysis. Methanol extracts from the leaves were obtained for the identification of raw materials, while ethanol extracts were used for the quantitative determination of flavonoids. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was employed to identify phenolic compounds, and spectrophotometry was utilized to quantitatively determine the total content of flavonoids.
Results and Discussion: The HPTLC study identified chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, and quercitrin in the leaves of common snowball. Additionally, four unidentified flavonoids – glycoside forms of quercetin and kaempferol – were observed in the chromatographic profiles of all samples. The presence of these seven compounds in the chromatographic profile suggests their potential as identification markers for the Viburnum opulus leaves. In the electronic absorption spectra of the tested flavonoid solutions, maximum absorption was noted at a wavelength of 403±2 nm when complexed with aluminum chloride. This led to the choice of luteolin as a standard substance for calculating the total flavonoid content, as its complex with aluminum chloride exhibits maximum absorption at a wavelength of 400±2 nm. The total flavonoid content in the four samples ranged from 0.47% to 0.74%, calculated based on luteolin and the dry raw material. The high content and diversity of flavonoids, along with the versatile biological activities of the identified compounds, highlight the significant potential for further research on common snowball leaves as a potential medicinal raw material.
Conclusions: An HPTLC method was proposed for identifying common snowball leaves. Chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, quercitrin, and four unidentified flavonoids were selected as identification markers for the studied raw material. To develop a quantitative quality criterion, it is recommended to conduct a spectrophotometric determination of the total flavonoid content.
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