LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF TOXOPLASMIC ENCEPHALITIS IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2026.1.16162

Keywords:

toxoplasmosis, encephalitis, immunodeficiency, antiretroviral therapy, quality of life, SF-36 questionnaire, rehabilitation

Abstract

SUMMARY. Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) remains one of the most common opportunistic infections of the central nervous system in HIV-infected patients and is associated with a high risk of developing persistent neurological deficits. Even with timely etiological therapy and antiretroviral treatment, a considerable proportion of patients continue to experience long-term neurological and psychoemotional impairments that significantly affect functional status and quality of life. In this context, studying the spectrum of such complications in the long-term period after the disease remains a relevant clinical objective.

Patients and Methods. The study was conducted at a specialized clinical institution. A total of 65 HIV-infected patients with a verified history of toxoplasmic encephalitis who were in the long-term period after the acute illness were included in the study. Inclusion criteria comprised a confirmed diagnosis of TE, a stable somatic condition at the time of examination, and informed consent to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria included the presence of other organic central nervous system lesions of infectious or non-infectious etiology that could influence the clinical presentation and quality-of-life assessment results.

Results and Discussion. The most common clinical manifestation was headache, which was reported in all examined patients (100 %). Behavioral disorders were observed in 38 % of patients, psychoemotional disturbances in 45 %, and cognitive impairment in 33.8 %. Peripheral nerve paresis of various localizations was detected in 16.8 % of cases. Among focal neurological symptoms, hemiparesis (13.8 %) and epileptiform seizures (9.2 %) were the most frequently recorded. Sensory aphasia and tremor were observed in 6.2 % of patients each, while tetraparesis was present in 4.6 %. Isolated cases of paraparesis and facial nerve palsy accounted for 1.5 % each, whereas total aphasia was documented in 3.08 % of patients. Vestibulo-ataxic syndrome was diagnosed in 7.69 % of cases.

Quality of life assessment using the SF-36 questionnaire revealed that in men (n=48), the mean Physical Component Summary (PCS) score was 47.6±1.07, while the Mental Component Summary (MCS) score was 59.7±1.32. In women (n=17), the mean PCS score was 45.8±2.39, and the mean MCS score was 43.1±3.19.

Conclusions. The obtained results demonstrate a wide spectrum of persistent neurological and psychoemotional impairments in the long-term period after toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected patients and substantiate the need for a multidisciplinary approach to their further follow-up, rehabilitation, and quality-of-life improvement.

Author Biographies

M. V. Prokofiev, Іvano-Frankivsk National Medical University

Assistant Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Іvano-Frankivsk National Medical University

I. H. Hryzhak, Іvano-Frankivsk National Medical University

Professor, DSc (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University

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Published

2026-04-20

How to Cite

Prokofiev, M. V., & Hryzhak, I. H. (2026). LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF TOXOPLASMIC ENCEPHALITIS IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS. Infectious Diseases – Infektsiyni Khvoroby, (1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2026.1.16162

Issue

Section

Original investigations
Received 2026-04-18
Accepted 2026-04-18
Published 2026-04-20