PECULIARITIES OF THE MICROBIAL COMPOSITION OF SPUTUM IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-19 AND PNEUMONIA IN THE AGE ASPECT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2024.1.14410Keywords:
COVID-19, sputum microflora, respiratory tract, pneumonia, resistance to antimicrobial drugs, age characteristicsAbstract
SUMMARY. Data on bacterial complications in coronavirus disease are currently limited, but it is known for sure that in all respiratory viral infections, microbial co-infection and irrational antibacterial therapy significantly worsen the prognosis of the disease, especially in elderly patients.
Patients and methods. The microflora of the sputum of 93 adult patients hospitalized at the CNP “City Clinical Hospital No. 4, branch “Infectious Diseases” with a clinical diagnosis of coronavirus disease-19 (RNA SARS-CoV-2+), the course of which was complicated by pneumonia, aged from 29 to 85 years old, the average age (Me) was: 61 (51–68) years. Taking into account the tendency for a more severe course of the disease in people over 60 years old, the study was conducted both in the general group and separately among people younger (group I – 45 patients) and people older than 60 years (group II – 48 patients). The average age (Me) of patients of the group I was 51 (41-55) years, of the II group – 68 (64-72) years. There were significantly more women among patients in group II – 33 (68.8 %) versus 17 (37.8 %) in group I (p=0.003); however, men significantly predominated among patients in group II – 28 (62.2 %) versus 15 (31.2 %) in group I (p=0.003).
Results. According to the results of the study, it was found that the dominant microflora of the respiratory tract in patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia is a fungal infection. Among the secondary fungal flora in patients with coronavirus disease-19 of the respiratory tract, the main ones are fungi of the genus Candida spp., however, the release of mold fungi Aspergillus spp. observed exclusively in patients older than 60 years of age. Regarding the secondary bacterial flora isolated from the respiratory tract of patients with COVID-19, streptococcal flora prevailed, however, pathogens such as P. aereginosa, E. coli and E. faecium were isolated exclusively from the sputum of patients older than 60 years. The majority of microorganisms isolated from the sputum of patients with COVID-19 are resistant to most groups of antibiotics and antifungal drugs.
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