Pseudomembranous colitis – the practical aspects of diagnosis and treatment (brief literature review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2414-4533.2017.4.8016Keywords:
antibiotic-associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, diagnostics, guidelines of treatment.Abstract
A frequent complication of antibiotic therapy is antibiotic-associated diarrhea. It is considered to be mainly caused by C. difficile infection in hospitalized patients. Pseudomembranous colitis is the most severe clinical cause of C. difficile infection.
The literature review was carried out according to the search results in the database of PubMed by key words "antibiotic-associated diarrhea", "C. difficile infection", "C. difficile–colitis", pseudomembranous colitis" within the period of 2006–2016.
The brief literature review presents the peculiarities of C. difficile infection and the main causes of Clostridium difficile colitis occurrence. Typical clinical symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis are analyzed. The diagnostics difficulties and practical aspects of visualization methods (flexible sigmoidoscopy and ultrasonography) used are also the subject of this article. The attention is drawn to the specifics of a clinical course of severe form of pseudomembranous colitis, the diagnostics criteria and treatment peculiarities of refractory course of disease. The indications and principles of surgical treatment of fulminant colitis are presented. Main principles of diagnosis, treatment and prevention according to international clinical guidelines are described.
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