INVESTIGATION OF ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF OVERGROUND ORGANS РRIMULA JULIAE KUSN

Abstract

Introduction. Since ancient times in many countries, representatives of the primrose family widely used as a healthful plant. As a raw material used for medicinal purposes leaves, flowers and rhizomes with roots. Primrose has diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant and tonic effect. This vitamin plant improves the function of the adrenal glands and normalizes the process of secretion of gastric juice. Along with this, the dried plant raw materials designated for the flu, acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis, bronchitis and rhinosinusitis. Primrose herb has a weak hypnotic and sedative effect, and efficient for the neuroses and migraines. Also is a popular primrose oil, which helps to restore the immunity, is effective for menopause and for the painful menstruation. Primrose oil is often use for rehabilitation after previous human intoxications and serious infectious diseases, effective in high blood pressure and angina [1, 2, 6, 7, 10].

Primrose Julia (primula Julia) – Рrimula juliae Kusn., primrose family (Primulaceae), a section of Julia (Julia) – a perennial, grassy, shade-tolerant, long and abundant vegetative, flowering plant-hygrophytes. Rhizome short, oblique, with a bunch of brown roots. Leaves petioles, without stipules length of about10 cm, form pillow. Leaf plate about3 cm, wrinkled, round or ovoid with heart-shaped base and large crenate edge. Generative shoots 3-14. The flowers are located often alone on thin pedicels up to 10-15 cm. Calyx with 5 grown to the middle pointed sepals that have protruding above the surface dark vein. Corolla up to3 cmin diameter, purple, carmine-red, violet-purple, with yellow eye, sometimes white. Flower tube up to2 cm, the tip of the petals with a deep groove. Fertile stamens opposite the petals grow together to the corolla tube. Pistil stigmas capitate [2-5, 8].

Analysis of specialized literature data indicates the absence of systematic information about morphological and anatomic structure of different, especially overground organs of this plant.

The purpose of the work. Learning the anatomical structure overground organs Рrimula juliae Kusn. and establishing microscopic diagnostic features that is necessary for identification of plant raw material.

Research methods. For research was used the leaves and flowers primrose Julia, harvested during plants flowering (May 2015) at the research plots of the M. M. Gryshko National botanical garden NАS of Ukraine. Microscopic analysis was performed using dried raw materials, fixed in a mixture of alcohol-glycerol-water (1:1:1) and including liquids of temporary micro-preparations - chloral hydrate and glycerol solutions. Investigation of transverse and longitudinal sections, mounted epidermis and preparations from the surface were conducted with application of conventional methodologies microscopes MBS 9, MC 10 (ocular X5, X10, 15 lenses X10, H40). Photomicrographs made by the camera Samsung PL50 [9].

Results and discussion. Leaf. On the surface of cells of the lower epidermis between the veins (Fig. 1) parenchymatous, the sidewalls sinuous, subtle or with insignificant thickening, covered with a thin layer of soft of plicate cuticle. Among colorless and epidermal cells located secreting, with a yellowish content. Stomata in large amount by anomocytic type surrounded by 5-6 epidermal cells. Among the cells evenly distributed glandular hairs with dark rounded head, short legs and 5-6-cell outlet. Over veins (Fig. 1) epidermal cells elongated, narrow, warehouse, with beveled or tapered ends, distinct longitudinal folds of cuticle. Well visible rare glandular hairs. The cells of the upper epidermis (Fig. 2) larger, their side walls are less meandering, amount of stomata is much smaller and glandular hairs - more. Epidermis on the edge of the plate (Fig. 3) covered with a thick longitudinally folded cuticle layer. Epidermal and subepidermal cells with bright orange content. Specialized cells form a regular, located at a distance of 7-10 cells outgrowths tuberous that carry glandular hairs obliquely directed to the top of plate. Their head unicellular, spherical, wrinkled, with dark content. Leg width equal to the diameter of the head, consisting of 1-3 thin barrel cells. Basal cell with thick-walled roller, which remain during breaking of hair. The top of the leaf plate topped hydathode.

Leaf plate by anatomical structure dorsoventral, amphistomatic. Column chlorenchyma 1-2 -layered, in spongy parenchyma many idioblast with orange secret.

Petiole (Fig. 4) on the cross-section is oval-hemispherical, with wings. Epidermis glandular, some of its cells papillary filled with yellow-orange secret. Capitate of trichomes less than at the plate. Under the epidermis - 1-2 layers of collenchymatous tissue.

Leading system compose central beam and one each fine bunch near the wings. Central beam at the top of petiole rounded, locked concentrically. Later it increases and becomes hemispherical. Well-developed secreting endoderm in the parenchyma of the phloem, xylem and out of beams many rounded-oval or paddle idioblast and articulated latex cells with orange secret. Basic parenchyma large-cells with small intercellular spaces.

Flowery stem. The stem (Fig. 5) on sections round-paddle. Epidermal cells from the surface oblong, more or less narrow, with thin or moderately thickened shells, covered with a layer of cuticle. Most or all of them included orange secret. Hairs and stomata numerically small. Primary cortex wide, without collenchyma formed by loose parenchyma with secreting idioblasts. Axial cylinder narrow, composed of 5-7 small collateral vascular bundles, contiguous or joined among themselves. Among the histological elements dominated secretory cells, phloem of bundles developed weakly, xylem vessels are thin, their number is limited. The core is tiny, clearly is not allocated, in the center partially destroyed, parenchyma with orange content.

Parts of the flower. External epidermis of calyx (Fig. 6) compose slightly elongated basal cells with wavy-sinuous side and thickened external shells, covered with longitudinally folded cuticle. Stomata are rare. The cells of internal epidermis elongated, almost warehouse. Epidermis of petals bend (Fig. 6) is similar papillae, epidermal cells oblong tubes, thin. Veins accompany by segmented latex cells with yellow-orange content.

Conclusions. For the first time has been investigated features of anatomical structure overground organs of primrose Julia, as results has been identified individual microscopic diagnostic features:

• Segments of leaf plate: cells of the lower epidermis between the veins parenchyma, the side walls meandering, among colorless epidermal cells are secreting, with a yellowish content, a lot of stomata, among basic cells are uniformly distributed glandular hairs; cells of the upper epidermis larger, their side walls are less winding, a bit of stomata, a lot of glandular hairs. Epidermal and subepidermal cells with bright orange content.
• Leaf plate dorsoventral, amphistomatic. Column chlorenchyma 1-2 -layered, in spongy parenchyma many idioblast with orange secret.
• Petiole on the cross-section is oval-hemispherical, with wings. Epidermis glandular, some of its cells papillary filled with yellow-orange secret.
• Flowery stem is round-paddle. Epidermal cells from the surface oblong, more or less narrow, with thin or moderately thickened shells, covered with a layer of cuticle, most or all of them included orange secret. Hairs and stomata numerically small.
• Parts of the flower: epidermis of petals bend is similar papillae, epidermal cells oblong tubes, thin. Veins accompany by segmented latex cells with yellow-orange content.

Obtained data will be used at the creation projects of quality control methods for a new medicinal raw material "Primrose Julia leaves" and "Primrose Julia flower".