MODERN STATE OF CREATION, PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH OF DRUGS

Abstract

MODERN STATE OF CREATION, PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH OF DRUGS

I.V. Kozak, M.B. Demchuk, T.A. Hroshovyi

I.HorbachevskyTernopilStateMedicalUniversity

Introduction. Creating new systems and drug delivery aimed at increasing the effectiveness and safety of treatment. By controlling the process of delivery and release of the active ingredient can be controlled therapeutic effect, to avoid overdose or lack of efficacy, increased duration of exposure and also reduce the frequency of administration and improve compliance of patients.

The main purpose of finding new drug delivery technologies is to ensure control of the process flow of the active substance in the body with the ability to manage this process to maintain an effective concentration of the drug in plasma or tissues for a long time.

Among the various ways to modify dosage forms to increase their bioavailability phenomenon of mucoadhesion (ability of mucoadhesion to stick to the polymer layer of mucous membrane) occupies a special place. Gastric mucosa provides mastering of necessary substances and protection against ingress of foreign components. Hydrated surface and constant movement mucosal tissues prevent the consolidation of a strong and long-term holding, on the surface of conventional dosage forms. Therefore, to overcome the barrier and protective function of the mucous membrane will solve the problem of reducing the bioavailability of drugs. Adhesion of mucoadhesive drugs to mucous membranes will increase the concentration of active substances at the site of application and reduce the total dose as introduced in the local and systemic use.

Investigation methods. The review of literature on the development, research and appliance of mucoadhesive delivery systems of medicines, such as: gastroadhesive, bio-adhesive matrix systems, particular gastroadhesive nanoparticles, nanosuspensions and mucoadhesive floating hollow microspheres was conducted.

Results and discussion. As mucoadhesion is a complex process, scientists have proposed theories hydration, diffusion, destruction, absorption and electron theory to explain the mechanisms involved in this process.

Mucoadhesive polymers should be characterized by the following physico-chemical properties as hydrophilic, a large number of functional groups that can form hydrogen bonds, mobility, communications, sufficient for a diffusion through the mucus and through the epithelial tissue. The ability to delay the dry water from the mucosal surface leads to strong initial interaction. When moisture polymers turn into viscous fluid, which increases their presence on the surface of the mucosa and promotes the formation of adhesive interactions.

Mucoadhesion depends on the polymer and the medium in which is placed dosage forms. The defining properties of polymers, which affect the ability to mucoadhesion is their molecular weight, flexible polymer chains, the ability to form hydrogen bonds, concentration, degree of swelling of the polymer.

Environmental factors, including pH, initial contact, moisture, presence of metal ions affect the mucoadhesive ability. Physiological factors such as the rate of cell renewal mucosa, presence of comorbidities may also limit the stay time of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems on the surface of the mucous membranes.

Widely used as a mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a vegetable gum and adhesives. Increased attention to natural polymers due to their availability, biocompatibility and no toxicity.

Promising to develop are also specific gastro adhesive nanoparticles contained in the stomach by sticking to mucosal layer. The main advantage of nanosuspensions is their increasing saturation and dissolution rate, good adhesion properties to the mucous membranes. The nanoparticles can improve the controlled delivery of drugs through the continuous release of active substance for a long time.

Conclusions. The analysis of the literature on development, research and application gastro adhesive drug delivery systems, the results of experimental studies.

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