CHICKENPOX IN CHILDREN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2017.1.7786Keywords:
chickenpox, VZV, children, pathogenesis, course, clinical, treatment, complications.Abstract
Aim – on the basis of literatury information to distingnish the features of chickenpox in children.
Chickenpox (varicella) is one of the most common diseases of childhood. This article discusses the etiology of VZV infection, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications, treatment and prevention of chickenpox. The main purpose of this study was to examine the features of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of varicella according to modern knowledge about problem to further study of the pathogenetic course of chickenpox in children and possible methods of prevention and correction of complications.
References
Kramarev, S.A. (2011). Osobennosti sovremennogo techenija vetrjanoі ospy u deteі [Features of the current flow of chickenpox in children]. Dytyachyу likar, 6 (13), 1-4. [in Russian].
Popesku, C.P., Ceausu E. (2016). Complication of varicella in unvaccinated children from Romania, 2002-2013. Pediatr. Infect. Dis., 35(2), 211-212.
Reynolds, M.A., Watson, B.M., Plott-Adams, K.K. (2008). Epidemiology of Varicella Hospitalizations in the United States, 1995-2005. J. Infect. Dis. 197(2), S120-S126. doi: 10.1086/522146
Mallet, E., Maitre, M., Delalande-Dutilleul, L., Marguet, C., Mouterde O. (2004). Evaluation of varicella complications through a retrospective hospital survey in a paediatric center over 16 years in France. Arch. Pediatr., 11, 1145-1151. DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2004.07.002
Baranov, A.A., Namazova-Baranova, L.S., Tatochenko, V.K. (2010). Nauchnoe obosnovanie vakcinacii deteiі s otklonenijami v sostojanii zdorovja [Scientific basis for vaccination of children with disabilities in the state of health] Pediatricheskaja farmakologija, 7(2), S. 6-25. [ in Russian].
Beіkin, Ya.B, Bogdanova, L.V., Lagereva, U.G. (2010). Tip immunnoі adaptacii u deteі doshkolnogo vozrasta 2 gruppy zdorovja [Type of immune adaptation in preschool children of the 2nd group of health]. Uralskiі medicinskiі zhurnal, 6, 56-60. [in Russian].
Prokopiv, O.V., Prykuda, N.M., Zadorozhnyy, A.M. (2016). Suchasnyy stan zakhvoryuvanosti na vitryanu vispu v ditey za materialamy Lvivskoyi oblasti [The current state of the incidence of chickenpox in children on the materials of Lviv region]. Klinichna ta eksperymental'na patolohiya, XV, (2. 1.), 134-137 [in Ukrainian].
Arvin, A.M.( 2002). Antiviral therapy for varicella and herpes zoster. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 13(1), 12-21.
Koturoglu, G., Kurugöl, Z., Cetin, N., Hizarcioglu, M., Vardar, F., Helvaci, M. & Ozkinay, C. (2005). Complications of varicella in healthy children in Izmir, Turkey. Pediatr. Int. 47(3), 296-299. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2005.02054.x
Varicella and herpes zoster vaccines: WHO position paper. (2014 Jun 20). Wkly Epidemiol Rec., 89(25), 265-288.
Skripchenko, N.V., Ivanova, G.P., Komancev V.N. (2009). Sovremennye osobennosti vetrjanochnyh encefalitov u deteі [Modern features of varicella encephalitis in children]. Zhurnal infektologii, 1( 4), 36-44 [in Russian].
Ermolenko, M.V. (2014). Serologicheskiiі monitoring v sisteme jepidemiologicheskogo nadzora za vetrjanoĭ ospoĭ (dis. ... kand. med. nauk) [Serological monitoring in the system of epidemiological surveillance of varicella]. (Candidate's thesis). Moscow, 103 p. [in Russian].
Ramachandra, S., Arun Kumar Metta, Nayeem Sadath Haneef, Sandeep Kodali (2010). Fetal varicella syndrome. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol., 76(6), 724. DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.72475
Leuridan, E., Hens, N., Hutse, V. (2011). Kinetics of maternal antibodies against rubella and varicella in infants. Vaccine. 29(11), 2222-2226.
Chernyshova, L.I., Volokha, A.P. (2013). Dytyacha imunolohiya [Pediatric Immunology]. Kyiv, 488-492 [in Ukrainian].
Duda, O.K., Veha, A.R. (2014). Vitryana vispa: aktual'ni pytannya i mozhlyvosti. [Chickenpox: issues and opportunities]. Semeynaya medytsyna, 3(53), 143-148 [in Ukrainian].
Dyeyev, V.V. (2015). Vitryana vispa u ditey: osoblyvosti patohenezu, kliniky, likuvannya (dys. ... kand. med. nauk) [Chickenpox in children: peculiarities of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment]. (Candidate's thesis). Kyiv, 113 p. [in Ukrainian].
Chuklin, S.N., Perejaslov, A.A. (2005). Interleіkiny. [Interleukins]. Lvov, 481 p. [in Russian].
Vossen, M.T., Biezeveld, M.H, de Jong M.D. (2005). Absence of circulating natural killer and primed CD8+ cells in life-threatening varicella. J. Infect. Dis., 191(2), 198-206.
Arvin, A.M. (2008). Humoral and cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus: an overview. J. Infect. Dis. 197(2), S58-S60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/522123
Arvin, A.M. (1996). Immune responses to varicella-zoster virus. Infect. Dis. Clin. North. Am. 10(3), 529-570.
Park, H.B., Kim, K.C., Park, J.H., Kang, T.Y., Lee, H.S., Kim, T.H. & Jung, S. (2004). Association of reduced CD4 T cell responses specific to varicella zoster virus with high incidence of herpes zoster in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Rheumatol. 31(11), 2151-2155. PMID: 15517626
Liese, J.G., Grote, V., Rosenfeld, E., Fischer, R., Belohradsky, B.H., Rüdiger v Kries. (2008). The burden of varicella complications before the introduction of routine varicella vaccination in Germany. ESPED Varicella Study Group. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 27(2), 119-124. DOI:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181586665
Torigo, S., Ihara, T., Kamiya, H. (2000). IL-12, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha released from mononuclear cells inhibit the spread of varicella-zoster virus at an early stage of varicella. Microbiol. Immunol. 44(12), 1027-1031. PMID: 11220676
Dyeyev, V.V. (2013). Vitryana vispa u diteі v suchasnykh umovakh: osoblyvosti klinichnoho perebihu, interferonovyу, tsytokinovyу status [Chickenpox in children under current conditions, clinical course, interferon, cytokine status] Problemy viуskovoі okhorony zdorovya: zbirnyk naukovykh prats Ukraіnskoі viуskovo-medychnoі akademiі, 39, 99-108 [in Ukrainian].
Askalan, R., Laughlin, S., Mayank, S., Chan, A., MacGregor, D., Andrew, M. & deVeber, G. (2001). Chickenpox and stroke in childhood: a study of frequency and causation. Stroke (32), 1257-1262.
Askalan, R., Marjoke Verweij. (2008). Vascular complication of Varicella. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 34(11), 1256-1259.
Yushchuk, N.D., Astafeva, N.V., Bіkova, R.N. (2000). Vetryanaya ospa u vzroslіkh [Chicken pox in adults]. Lechashchyу vrach, 1, 40-43 [in Russian].
Nagel, M.A., Cohrs, R.J., Mahalingam, R, Wellish, M.C., Forghani, B., Schiller, A. & Gilden, D.H. (2008).The varicella zoster virus vasculopathies: clinical, CSF imaging and virologic features. Neurology, 70, 853-860. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000304747.38502.e8.
Nagel, M.A. (2014). Varicella zoster virus vasculopathy: clinical features and pathogenesis. J Neurovirol. 20(2), 157-163. doi: 10.1007/s13365-013-0183-9
Ataullakhanov, R.Y., Hyntsburh, A.L. (2005). Ymmunytet y ynfektsyya: dynamychnoe protyvostoyanye zhyvіkh system [Immunity and infection: a dynamic confrontation of living systems] Pedyatryya, 4(8), 47-61 [ in Russian].
Mueller, N.H., Gilden, D.H., Cohrs, R.J., Mahalingam, R., Nagel, M.A. (2008). Varicella zoster virus infection: clinical features, molecular pathogenesis of disease, and latency. Neurol. Clin. 26(3), 675-697. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.03.011
Ceroni, A., Sibani, S., Baiker, A., Pothineni, Venkata Raveendra, Bailer, S.M., Joshua Labaer, & Campbell, C.J. (2010). Systematic analysis of the IgG antibody immune response against varicella zoster virus (VZV) using a self-assembled protein microarray. Mol. Biosyst. 6(9), 1604-1610. DOI: 10.1039/c003798b
Roіt, A., Brostoff, Dzh., Meуl, D. (2000). Ymmunolohyya: Per. s anhl. [Immunology]. 592 p. [in Russian].
Loskutova, I.V. (2006). Vplyv antralyu ta amizonu na interferonohenez u khvorykh na tyazhki ta uskladneni formy vitryanoyi vispy [Impact Antral and amisone interferonohenez in patients with severe and complicated forms of varicella]. Ukrayins'kyy medychnyy al'manakh. 1, 12-14. [in Ukrainian].
Kramarov, S.O., Vyhovska, O.V., Deev, V.V., Humenyuk, V.B., Danylyuk, O.V., Bakaу, K.V. & Kuznets, O.A. (2015). Uskladnennya vitryanoyi vispy u ditey v suchasnykh umovakh [Complications of chickenpox in children in modern]. Problemy viyskovoyi okhorony zdorovya. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats' Ukrayinskoyi viyskovo-medychnoyi akademiyi. 44(2), 184-192. [in Ukrainian].
Tatochenko, V.K., Ksenofontova, O.L., Rozhkova L.V. (2010). Postеkspozytsyonnaya ymmunoprofylaktyka vetryanoу ospі [Postexpositional immunoprophylaxis of chicken pox]. Pedyatrycheskaya farmakolohyya. 7(4), 30-33. [in Russian].
Breuer, J., Whitley, R. (2007). Varicella zoster virus: natural history and current therapies of varicella and herpes zoster. Herpes. 14(2), 25-29.
Hernández Blanco, A., González Montero, R., Urán Moreno, M.M. (2009). Post-varicella purpura fulminans: potentially fatal. An. Pediatr. (Bare), 70(4), 379-382. doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2008.11.018
Makarova, A.V., Demchenkov, V.V., Bolіsheva, H.S. (2009). Vyrusnіе еntsefalіtі u deteі [Viral encephalitis in children]. Zhurnal ynfektolohyy. Prylozhenye. 1(2), 43. [ in Russian].
Wiegering, V., Schick, J., Beer, M., Weissbrich, B., Gattenlöhner, S., Girschick, H.J. & Eyrich M. (2011). Varicella-zoster virus infections in immunocompromised patients – a single centre 6-year analysis. Abstract. BMC Pediatr. 11(1), 31. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-11-31
Malavige, G.N., Jones, L., Kamaladasa, S.D., Wijewickrama, A., Seneviratne, S.L., et al. (2008) Viral Load, Clinical Disease Severity and Cellular Immune Responses in Primary Varicella Zoster Virus Infection in Sri Lanka. PLoS ONE, 3(11): e3789. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003789
Sorokina, M.N., Skripchenko, N.V. (2004). Virusnye encefalitі i meningitі u deteі [Viral encephalitis and meningitis in children]. Moscow, 416 p. [ in Russian].
Cohrs, R.J., Gilden, D.H. (2010). Molecular Characterization of Varicella Zoster Virus in Latently Infected Human Ganglia: Physical State and Abundance of VZV DNA, Quantitation of Viral Transcripts and Detection of VZV-Specific Proteins Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 342, 229–241. doi: 10.1007/82_2009_2
Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B.K., Gilden, D.H. (2001). Varicella-Zoster virus infections of the nervous system: clinical and pathologic correlates. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 125(6), 770-780. DOI: 10.1043/0003-9985(2001)125<0770:VZVIOT>2.0.CO;2
Baskin, H.J. & Hedlund, G. (2007). Neuroimaging of herpesvirus infections in children. Pediatr. Radiol. 37, 949-963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-007-0506-1
Wallace, M.R., Woelfl, I., Bowler, W.A. (1994). Tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-2, and interferon-gamma in adult varicella. J. Med. Virol. 43, 69-71.
Abendroth, A., Morrow, G., Cunningham, A.L. & Slobedman, B. (2001). Varicella-zoster virus infection of human dendritic cells and transmission to T cells: Implications for virus dissemination in the host. J. Virol., 75, 6183-6192.
Prokopiv, O.V., Prykuda, N.M. (2012). Pohlynalna zdatnist ta metabolichna aktyvnist neytrofilnykh fahotsytiv pry bakterialnykh uskladnennyakh u ditey [Absorbtion ability and metabolic activity of neutrophilic phagocytosis in bacterial confinement in children]. Praktychna medytsyna, 2 (XVIII), 68-74. [in Ukrainian].
Raulin, O., Durand, G., Gillet, Y., Bes, M., Lina, G., Vandenesch, F., & Laurent, F. (2010). Toxin profiling of Staphylococcus aureus strains involved in varicella superinfection J. Clin. Microbiol., 48(5), 1696-1700. doi:10.1128/JCM.02018-09
Hervas, D., Henales, V., Yeste, S. (2011). How frequent is varicella-associated pneumonia in children? Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 30(3), 435-437.
Mikaeloff, Y., Kezouh, A., Suissa, S. (2008). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and the risk of severe skin and soft tissue complications in patients with varicella or zoster disease. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 65(2), 203-209. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02997.x
Cameron, J.C., Allan, G., Johnston, F., Finn, A., Heath, P.T. and Booy R. (2007). Severe complications of chickenpox in hospitalised children in the UK and Ireland. Arch. Dis. Child., 92(12), 1062-1066. doi: 10.1136/adc.2007.123232
Gnann J.W.Jr. (2002). Varicella-zoster virus: atypical presentations and unusual complications. J. Infect. Dis., 186(1), 91-98.
Rack, A.L., Grote, V., Streng, A., Belohradsky, B.H., Heinen, F., von Kries, R., & Liese J.G. (2010). Neurologic varicella complications before routine immunization in Germany. Pediatr. Neurol. 42(1), 40-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.07.012
Ksenofontova, O.L. (2002). Kliniko-immunologicheskie zakonomernosti i optimizacija lechenija vetrjanoĭі ospy u deteі (dis. ... kand. med. nauk) [Clinical and immunological regularities and optimization. Treatment of varicella in children] (Candidate's thesis). Ekaterinburg, 121 p. [in Russian].
Harris, D., Redhead, J. (2005). Should acyclovir be prescribed for immunocompetent children pre-senting with chickenpox? Arch. Dis. Child., 90(6), 648-650.
Romanenko, T.A., Lyhina, Yu.A. (2013). Dosvid vaktsynoprofilaktyky vitryanoyi vispy v krayinakh svitu [Experience varicella vaccine in countries ] Profilaktychna medytsyna, 1–2 (20), 44 – 49. [in Ukrainian].
Hirose, M., Gilio, A.E., Esposito Ferronato, A., Lopes Betta Ragazzi, S. (2016). The impact of varicella vaccination on varicella-related hospitalization rates: global data review. Rev. Paul Pediatr., 34(3), 359-366.
Nakaz 11.08.2014 № 551 Pro udoskonalennya provedennya profilaktychnykh shcheplen v Ukrayini [Order of 11.08.2014 number 551 on improving preventive vaccinations in Ukraine] [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhym dostupu: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1237-14/paran2#n2 [in Ukrainian].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Journal Infectious Disease (Infektsiini Khvoroby) allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without registration
Users can use, reuse and build upon the material published in the journal but only for non-commercial purposes
This journal is available through Creative Commons (CC) License BY-NC "Attribution-NonCommercial" 4.0
