THE EMERGENT AND RE-EMERGENT VIRAL INFECTIONS:GLOBAL CHALLENGE OF 21ST CENTURY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2015.4.5520Abstract
SUMMARY. Currently, three main factors of occurrence and spreading of emergent infections are considered:
1. Factors of biological nature – genetic variability of viruses (mutation), which is fundamental property of viral pathogens. As is generally known, it helps agent to avoid pathogen responses of the host immune system, increasing its virulence and induce resistance to antiviral medicines.
2. Zoogeographical factors – increasing quantity of human contacts with birds and animals create optimal conditions for virus evolution, unpredictable passaging in their organism with possibility of intensification their virulence and also genetic recombination both between genes of viruses and between the genes of viruses and host cells.
3. Socio-economic factors are essentially important reason for occurrence and spread of emergent and re-emergent diseases. It is noted that the epidemiological risk in many respects is connected to the level of socio-economic situation in the country. The most dangerous and severe infectious diseases usually occur in countries with a high concentration and low living standards.
The article presents the summary of the most important emergent and re-emergent infection of viral nature, created exceptional epidemiological situation in the world with a high morbidity and mortality. To fight them, you need to create effective monitoring system identifying pathogens that are new or returning again into the human population. The problem of emergent and re-emergent infection is of global importance, and therefore for its prompt and effective solving we also need international cooperation.
Key words: emergent and re-emergent viral pathogens, epidemics and pandemics, system for monitoring and control of especially dangerous infections.References
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