ACUTE NECROTIZING GINGIVITIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2025.1.15062Keywords:
acute necrotizing gingivitis, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatmentAbstract
Acute necrotizing gingivitis (ANG) is a type of rapidly destructive necrotizing periodontal disease. The clinical significance of ANG is obvious, as the disease causes a severe condition and can have severe complications.
The purpose of the article was to summarize modern data on necrotic gingivitis, its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications, methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
The generally accepted theory is that impaired immune reactivity of the patient’s body reduces the resistance of the gingival area, allowing opportunistic oral bacteria to multiply and manifest pathogenic properties due to the formation of biofilms, the release of endotoxins, metabolites and enzymes of virulence, which causes permanent destruction of the tissue. The work provides a description of the typical clinical signs of the disease, on which the clinical diagnosis is based, and considers the pathological conditions with which differential diagnosis should be carried out; modern methods of microbiological diagnostics are described. Sequential stages of periodontal therapy in such patients and procedures for maintaining periodontal health are given. Treatment methods involve the elimination or reduction of the level of bacterial pathogens with the help of mechanical means and antibiotics, as well as the control of important psychological and physical provoking factors.
The work expands the understanding of clinicians about the diagnosis and prevention of ANG, methods of treatment, the importance of the oral microbiome in the development of a pathological condition and its interaction with physical and immunological barriers, which is important for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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