MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION IN TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV INFECTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2024.3.14711Keywords:
tuberculosis, HIV infection, cytokines, melatoninAbstract
Objective was to investigate inflammatory markers based on the literature to improve diagnosis and determine the prognosis of treatment in patients with tuberculosis against the background of HIV infection.
Articles that investigated cytokines and melatonin in patients with co-infection tuberculosis/HIV were analysed. The search for scientific information was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases.
An analysis of the literature has shown that anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and IL-10 are frequent biomarkers associated with severe tuberculosis. Chronic immune activation caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β accompanies HIV progression, leading to tissue damage. Elevated levels of sIL-2R in patients with tuberculosis indicate a significant degree of T-cell activation, which affects the course of the disease. Melatonin is a dual-acting immune modulator. On the one hand, it increases the body’s defenses against foreign bodies, and on the other hand, it modulates tissue reactions, reducing pro-inflammatory and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels.
Conclusions. Despite the fact that the literature review has provided information on a large number of markers that play an important role in the pathogenesis and course of TB and HIV, we still have insufficient data on their role in TB and HIV co-infection. This issue requires further and in-depth research.
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