INFECTIOUS DISEASES, EPIDEMICAL RISKS, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2024.2.14608Keywords:
infectious diseases, epidemiological surveillance, assessment of the epidemic situation, morbidity dynamicsAbstract
SUMMARY. Epidemic safety, as a component of biological safety, is a mandatory condition for the well-being of any state. After all, infectious diseases, as the COVID-19 pandemic has proven, are prone to rapid mass spread among the world’s population. Therefore, constant attention and control are necessary to ensure timely and adequate preventive and anti-epidemic measures in response to the epidemic situation.
In Ukraine, there has been a trend towards a decrease in the incidence of infectious diseases over the past three decades. However, several social and medical factors have influenced the nature of the epidemic process. These include a decrease in the availability of medical care for infectious patients due to a reduction in the number of specialized institutions/departments (-38 %), inpatients (-28 %), beds (-60 %), and specialists in the infectious profile (-30-45 %). Additionally, there has been a weakening of epidemiological control over infections due to the reorganization of the sanitary-epidemiological surveillance system, a 15-fold reduction in the number of epidemiological doctors and their training, and the introduction of strict anti-epidemic measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Migration processes have also played a role, leading to a reduction in the population (estimated at 16–36 %) and changes in its sex-age structure, with a predominance of women, children, and teenagers among migrants. Furthermore, there have been violations in the logistics of collecting and transmitting medical and statistical information, primarily in the zone of hostilities and in temporarily occupied territories.
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