ANTI-EVOLUTION THERAPY: A NEW APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2023.4.14241Keywords:
antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics, bacteriophages, CRISPR adaptive prokaryotic defense system, adaptive mutagenesis, SOS response, transleisional polymerases, Mfd factor, anti-evolution drugsAbstract
SUMMARY. Antibiotics revolutionized medicine. Countless people have been saved through their use. However the development of antimicrobial resistance has created a serious crisis in medicine. Antimicrobial resistance is developing rapidly to all new therapeutic agents. This is a consequence of genetic variability of microorganisms, including mutagenesis. According to the synthetic theory of evolution, genetic rearrangements and mutations occur randomly, they are not localized either in time or in genome space, and there are no molecular mechanisms of variability. If this assumption is correct, then it is impossible to counter the development of antimicrobial resistance.
However, recently, the views on the nature of variability that have been dominant for a long period have undergone fundamental changes. The discovery of the CRISPR system of adaptive defense of prokaryotes against bacteriophages showed the fundamental possibility of localized genetic rearrangements directed by a selective factor.
A revolution in views on the nature of variability was made by the discovery of adaptive or stress-induced mutagenesis. It was discovered that under stress conditions, microorganisms activate molecular mechanisms of variability, the action of which can be localized in the region of the transcribed genes. Numerous experimental data have confirmed that antibiotics, causing stress, induce adaptive mutagenesis. Consequently, drugs that suppress regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis can prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. It is this principle that underlies the new direction in medicine of anti-evolution therapy.
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