CORONAVIRUS 2019-nCOV: NEW CHALLENGES FOR HEALTHCARE AND HUMANITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2020.1.11091Keywords:
COVID-19, emergent coronavirus 2019-nCoV, epidemic, pandemicAbstract
Scientific sources analyzed the structure of emergent coronavirus 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2), hypotheses of its origin, clinical, epidemiological features of the new coronavirus disease COVID-19. Symptoms of this infection may be fever, cough, shortness of breath, muscle aches, confusion, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, bilateral pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure. The frequency of COVID-19 symptoms, according to various information, had some differences, depending on the severity of the clinical course. About 80 % of cases are mild. We can assume that these indicators may change in the future. This is due to the potential of the virus for variability and its further adaptation to the new host. According to our assumptions, the mild course of the disease in children may be associated with the low expression of ACE2 receptors, which does not allow providing in the body a high viral load and, accordingly, a severe manifestation of infection. The average mortality was about 2 %. Its level increased with age. In addition, mortality rates varied across countries (from 0.7 % in South Korea to 8.8 % in Iran). The proportion of men and women among the sick was almost the same. At the same time, the mortality rate among men was 1.6 times higher, that is, the clinical course of the disease in men was more severe. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from person to person occurs mainly through drops, but the virus also detected in the faeces samples of patients. Infection control is of great importance in preventing COVID-19. The average incubation is 3–6.4 days, the maximum – 14 days, but there are single reports about the possibility of its duration up to 24 and 27 days. Asymptomatic course of infection is possible. On the cruise ship “Diamond Princess” in Japan, it was above 50 %. The duration of the finding of the pathogen in humans both in this and in manifest forms of COVID-19 is unknown and it is still necessary to study. Different strategies of antiviral therapy are now being tested: the nucleoside analogue GS-5734 remdezevir, antiretroviral drugs, plasma of the patients who recovered and others.
Possible scenarios for the further development of COVID-19 may be as follows:
Acquisition of the COVID-19 nature of the pandemic with the introduction of the pathogen in the human population. The COVID-19 seasonal rises will be observed in the future. When a vaccine is created, the infection can become managed by the vaccine.
Transition of the epidemic process to a state of slow motion throughout the world, its individual regions or limited territories.
After widespread adoption, a gradual decrease in the biological potential of the virus and its elimination from circulation can occur, as happened with the SARS virus.
In order to minimize the consequences of the new bio-threats, Ukraine needs to be prepared to counter the situation in the most unfavorable scenario. Severe epidemiological interventions are critical.
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