ЕТІОЛОГІЧНІ, ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЧНІ ТА КЛІНІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ГАРЯЧКИ ЗАХІДНОГО НІЛУ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2024.4.15008Ключові слова:
вірус Західного Нілу, молекулярна біологія, гарячка Західного Нілу, епідеміологічні особливості, клінічні прояви, діагностика, лікуванняАнотація
Вірус Західного Нілу (ВЗН) переважно інфікує комарів, птахів, коней і людей. Цей збудник може спричиняти безсимптомне інфікування або захворювання з різноманітними клінічними проявами – від легкої гарячки до смертельно небезпечних нейроінвазивних форм хвороби. Останнім часом в Європейському Союзі та сусідніх країнах зросла частота і тяжкість захворювань, зумовлених ВЗН, особливо в середземноморському регіоні. Ймовірно ця тенденція пов’язана з підвищенням як середньої температури повітря, так і кількості опадів, що є сприятливими для поширення ВЗН. Завдяки помітному та зростаючому географічному розповсюдженню переносника та високому ендемічному потенціалу ВЗН, він викликає дедалі більше побоювань для громадської охорони здоров’я.
Клінічний спектр симптоматичної гарячки Західного Нілу (ГЗН) у людей широкий. У близько 80 % людей інфекція перебігає безсимптомно, у 20 % виявляють неспецифічне гарячкове захворювання, ступінь тяжкості якого може варіювати від легкого до тяжкого, тоді як у невеликої групи пацієнтів (<1 %) розвивається потенційно летальне нейроінвазивне захворювання. Одужання від ГЗН може бути повільним, а рівень смертності досягає 10 %, хоча й залежить від віку та імунного стану пацієнтів.
Особливо непокоїть той факт, що наразі немає вакцини або специфічних противірусних засобів для лікування таких хворих.
Посилання
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