EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF LAPAROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED FORMS OF COLON CANCER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2414-4533.2025.3.15656Keywords:
colon, cancer, laparoscopy, laparotomy, complications, mortalityAbstract
The aim of the work: to analyze the results of the use of laparoscopic methods in the complex treatment of patients with complicated forms of malignant diseases of the colon.
Materials and Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted in the surgical departments of the City Hospital of Emergent and Rapid Medical Care and the City Hospital No. 7 of the ZMR from 2020 to 2023. The study group included 109 (100 %) patients with complicated forms of colon cancer. The gender structure of the group showed a slight predominance of female patients – 57 (52.29 %) over male patients – 52 (47.71 %). The average age of the patients was (69.78±16.37) years. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 13.0 (TIBCO Software Inc.) and MICROSOFT EXCEL 2013. The data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (M±m) for normally distributed data and median Me (Q1; Q3) for data whose distribution differs from normal. Statistical differences between groups were assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test. A result was considered statistically significant at p<0.05.
Results. Laparoscopic methods were used in 31 (28.44 %) cases. In 7 (6.42 %) patients, laparoscopic surgery ended with conversion by laparotomy. In 71 (65.13 %) patients, primary open surgery was performed by laparotomy. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 (19.35 %) patients after laparoscopic operations and in 32 (41.03 %) after laparotomy, p=0.0286. Wound complications occurred more often in the laparotomy subgroup – 17 (21.79 %) versus 1 (3.23 %) in the laparoscopic subgroup, p=0.0083. The structure of general surgical complications was similar between the subgroups. Mortality was 5 (16.13 %) in the laparoscopic subgroup and 18 (23.08 %) in the laparotomy subgroup, p=0.3781. The mean length of hospital stay was 10.00 (8.00; 13.00) days for laparoscopic operations and 19.00 (13.00; 27.00) days for laparotomies, p=0.0011. The results confirm the advantages of laparoscopic surgery over open oncosurgery for complicated forms of colon cancer and indicate the possibility of using these methods provided that patients are properly selected and adequately preoperatively prepared.
Conclusions. Laparoscopic surgical techniques can be safely used in the treatment of patients with complicated forms of malignant colon pathology, reducing the level of complications, mortality and length of stay of patients in the hospital.
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