Risk factors of colorectal anastomotic leakage in obstructive ileus (literature review)

Abstract

Anastomotic leakage is a fatal complication of obstructive ileus and is one of the major problems of urgent surgery. The incidence of anastomotic leakage is polyetiological and depends on the level and conditions of its imposition. Anastomotic leakage is more likely after anterior resection of the rectum than after resection of the colon. Common risk factors for anastomotic leakage are systemic abnormalities of the macroorganism that are capable of disrupting the course of reparative processes in the anastomotic region. Adequate blood supply to the anastomotic zone is a mandatory and paramount condition for imposing an anastomosis, in case of local circulatory disorders, ischemic necrosis of the bowel is possible, circulatory disorders in the anastomosis zone is the main pathogenetic factor of the occurrence of anastomotic leakage. One of the most prognostically unfavorable factors in the treatment of patients with anastomotic leakage is the issue of antibiotic resistance, which is growing rapidly in this category of patients.