МОРФОЛОГО-АНАТОМІЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ БЕДРИНЦЮ ЛОМИКАМЕНЕВОГО (PIMPINELLA SAXIFRAGA L.)

Abstract

MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL RESEARCH

OF PIMPINELLA SAXIFRAGA L.

S.M.Marchyshyn, T.M. Hontova, E.A. Panasiuk

“I.Ya.HorbachevskyTernopilStateMedicalUniversityof the Ministry of Health ofUkraine” higher educational establishment

NationalPharmaceuticalUniversity

Summary. The morphological and anatomical research of the herb and rhizome of pimpinella saxifrage l. has been made. Basic macro- and microscopic have been established to identify the raw material.

Key words: pimpinella saxifrage l., herb, rhizome, macro- and microscopic features.

Introduction. Pimpinella saxifraga L. Is a perennial herbaceous glabrous or puberulent plant of the Apiaceae family. It grows scattered on slopes, grass hills, forest glades, among the shrubs and along the roads on the entireterritory ofUkraine. For a long time pimpinella saxifrage l. has been used in folk medicine as an anti-spastic, ant-inflammatory, uretic, expectorant, anti-tussic, photosensitizing drug. The plant inUkraine is considered as non-officinal.

The purpose of the research is to make a macro- and microscopic analysis of the herb and rhizome of pimpinella saxifrage l.

Methods of the research. The micro-preparations were made of freshly collected raw material in the mixture of 96% ethanol – glycerol – purified water (1:1:1). The diagnostic microscopic features were studied by means of the microscope “Granum” with magnification power of x40, x100, x400. The photographs were taken with a camera Sony DSC-W80.

Findings of the research. The macroscopic features of the rhizome of pimpinella saxifrage l. Spindle-shaped, longitudinally-wrinkled rhizomes up to5 cm in length and 2 –5 mm. in thickness. Grey-brown in colour, with uneven bend, yellowish-brown in colour, with yellow-brown spots. Strong, fragrant and acrid odour. Strong, bittersweet flavor.

Microscopic features of the rhizome. The rhizome is covered with a thick layer of periderm. The cortical parenchyma is composed of parenchymal cells, small cells (phloem elements) are located lower. The phloem spreads evenly, in wide primary rays. The upper part of the cortical parenchyma contains oblong air vessels. The cortical parenchyma may have small schizogenous spaces; the parenchyma cells surrounding them contain starch. The central cylinder is clearly separated by the layer of cambium. The vessels are lined in oblong chains. The wood parenchyma accumulates starch. The rhizome center has a distinct lacune. 

Microscopic features of the herb. The stalks are thin-ribbed, branched and puberulent. The leaves are pinnated and macropodous; the margin is serrate-dentate. The flowers are small, pentapetalous and in compound umbel inflorescence. The fruit are small, egg-shaped mericarps. The blade is green on the upper part and light green on the lower part; the flowers are white. The odour is faint and pleasant. The flavor is spicy and bitterish.

Microscopic analysis if herb. The stalk is multi-ribbed. The stalk epiderm is small-celled; the cellular membrane has straight and slightly thickened walls. The stomata are oval, large and rare. The stomatal mechanism is anomocytic and anysocytic. The epiderm is unevenly puberulent. The trichomes are long, bent and many-celled, with a small basilar cell and oblong main cells, cone-shaped, 2-celled, long 3-celled straight, erect with oblong apical cell.

The leaf is dorsiventral. Palisade mesophile, bilarious, cancellate mesophile – tetrastichous. The cells of the palisade mesophile are small, not distinct, cylinder-shaped or oval; the second-row cells of the inner layer are loose. The cells of the cancellate mesophile are small, round or horizontally oblong. The stomata on the lower epiderm are protruding. The upper epiderm is represented by the parenchymal cells of various shape – starting with multi-angled ones and finishing with isodiametric-shaped ones. The cells of the lower epiderm are parenchymal, thin-walled and with rather sinuated membranes. The stomata are multiple, they are large and oval. The stomatal mechanism is anomocytic and paracytic. The leaf is unevenly puberulent. There are more trichomes on the lower side.

Conclusions. The morphological and anatomical features of pimpinella saxifrage l. have been studied, and the main macro- and microscopic diagnostic features of rhizome, stalks, flowers and leaves have been defined to be later used for standardization of the medical raw material and design of the project “Pimpinella herb” and “Pimpinella rhizome”.