ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE UNDERGROUND ORGANS OF COLEWORT KOKTEBELICA (CRAMBE KOKTEBELICA (JUNGE) N. BUSCH)

Abstract

The aim of the work. The aim of our study was to determine the microscopic diagnostic features of the underground organs of C. koktebelica (Junge N. Busch).

Materials and Methods. Root micronutrients were prepared of freshly harvested, fixed in a mixture of ethanol-glycerin-purified water (1: 1: 1) and dried and then soaked raw materials. The anatomical structure was studied on specimen from the surface and cross-sections, which were made according to the generally accepted method. The BIOLAM LOMO light microscope (Russia) was used at a magnification of 80, 120, 160, 400, 600 and 800 times. The obtained data were recorded with OLYMPUS SH – 21 digital camera. The photos were processed using the Adobe Photoshop CS3 computer program.

Results and Discussion. Anatomical structure of the root. The root on the cross section is rounded. The periderm is represented by 2–4 layers of parenchymal cells. Cortical parenchyma formed by parenchymal thin-walled cells is well-developed. There are small clusters of scleroids in the roots of the second and subsequent years among the cells of the cortical parenchyma, which are absent in the roots of the first year. The structure type of the central cylinder is beamless. The cambium is well visible. The reserve substance of colewort Koktebelika root is starch, and in the membranes of the vessels of the primary and secondary xylem – protein.

Anatomical structure of root modification (stem root, caudex). Axial organ on the cross section is of a round shape. Integumentary tissue – a multilayered epidermis, the cells of which are parenchymal, thick-walled. The pubescence is sparse, represented by simple unicellular hairs. Well-developed cortical parenchyma consists of parenchymal thin-walled cells. Bast fibers are found in the crust. The central axial cylinder has a beamless structure, the cambium is well expressed. The dominant xylem tissue is libriform. The core is pronounced, filled.

Core parenchyma and core cells accumulate starch in the form of simple starch grains, the membrane of vascular cells and some core cells – protein.

Conclusions. 1. The anatomical structure of the underground organs of colewort Koktebelica (roots and stem roots) was studied and the main microscopic diagnostic features that would be used to develop quality control methods for new medicinal plant raw materials were identified.

1. Diagnostic signs of the root are:

- accumulation of scleroids in the cortical parenchyma of the root of the second, third and subsequent years;

- simple starch grains with a crack, or with pronounced day and night layers;

- protein in xylem cells.

Діагностичнми ознаками кореня є:

1. Diagnostic signs of the stem root are:

- integumentary tissue – multilayered epidermis;

- liquid pubescence with simple unicellular hairs;

- the presence of bast fibers in the cortical parenchyma;

- dominance in the xylem of mechanical tissue.