МORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF WILD BASIL (Clinopodium vulgare L., Lamiaceae Martinov)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11603/2312-0967.2020.2.11255

Keywords:

microscopical analysis, morphological feature, stem, leaf, flower, Сlinopodium vulgare

Abstract

The aim of the work. To provide the morphological and anatomical investigations of aerial part of wild basil (Clinopodium vulgare L.) from the Lamiaceae Martinov family аnd to reveal its diagnostic features.

Materials and Methods. Microscopical investigations were prepared from fragments of (Clinopodium vulgare herb) gathered during the blossom period and prepared and treated in a mixture of ethyl alcohol: glycerol: water in 1:1:1 ratio for three days. In addition, temporary preparations have been used in the experiment, and plant material has been fixed in the chloral hydrate solution.

During the microscopic analysis it was used the standard documentation “Herbs" of State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Prepared for analysis parts of herbs were placed on the glass plate, then carefully straight and firstly seen with an eye, followed by using the magnifying glass (x10) and microscope “Biomed 6” (x10, x40, x100). Diagnostic features were studied in at least 15 samples of each series of plant collected in two regions of Ukraine (Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk districts).

Results and Discussion. Morphological and anatomical investigations of fragments of leaves, stems and flowers of Сlinopodium vulgare diagnosed the presence of specific trichromes, the localization of essential oils glands and typical signs of cross sections of leaves and stems.

Diagnostic microscopic features of the herb are two or three-cellular simple trichromes, glandular hairs with two-cellular head and presence of essential oils glands. Typical sign is that simple unicellular or two-cellular hairs are found along the edge of the leaf blade. The leaf has an amphistomatic type of structure; cells of lower epidermis have smaller size than corresponding cells on the upper side of epidermis; stomata on the upper epidermis are isolated from each other. The lower side of epidermis has a lot of stomata located on closely to each other. Essential oil glands located mainly in the lower epidermis of leaf.  Steam  is straight, short and square in cross section.

Leaves are small, egg-shaped or rounded egg-shaped, with total length 2-5 cm, with small triangle shaped corner and hairy at the bottom of the leaf. Leaves arrangement is cross-opposite. Leaves, stems and flowers are densely covered with essential oils glands.

Flowers are zygomorphic, small, linear, located in 15-40 flowers circles which form the semi-sphere raceme, calyx is pipe shaped, two sectional with a lot of fibrils and awl shape teethes.

Corolla is two-lipped with different variations of purple color, about 1.5 cm, and 2 times longer than calyx. The color of corolla  in Lviv region varies from light purple to purple, whilst the corolla in Ivano-Frankivsk region is always purple.

Upper part of corolla is short, two-parted and lower is three-parted.

Androecium consist of 4 filaments which is located on the corolla pipe. A qualitative reaction with Sudan III to the content of essential oil  has been carried out.The highest concentration of essential oil  was on the lower side of leaf.

Conclusions. Morphological and anatomical diagnostic features of leaves, stems and flowers of Clinopodium vulgare from the Lamiaceae family as a folk medicinal herb which is common in iwild nature of Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions have been established and conducted investigations are promising for  its future study and use in pharmacy.

Author Biographies

O. M. Mykytyuk, Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Lviv Polytechnic National University

DS (Pedagogy), Professor of the Social and Humanitarian Sciences Department, Associate Professor of the Department of the Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department

R. T. Konechna, Lviv Polytechnic National University

PhD (Pharmacy), Associate Professor of the Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department

O. V. Shved, Lviv Polytechnic National University

PhD (Chemistry), Associate Professor of the Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department

V. G. Chervetsova, Lviv Polytechnic National University

PhD (Biology), Associate Professor of the Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department

A. S. Krvavych, Lviv Polytechnic National University

PhD (Technical), Associate Professor of the Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department

G. P. Nykytyuk, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University

PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Pathological Physiology Department

V. P. Novikov, Lviv Polytechnic National University

DS (Chemistry), Professor, Chef of the Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department

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Published

2020-07-13

How to Cite

Mykytyuk, O. M., Konechna, R. T., Shved, O. V., Chervetsova, V. G., Krvavych, A. S., Nykytyuk, . G. P., & Novikov, V. P. (2020). МORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF WILD BASIL (Clinopodium vulgare L., Lamiaceae Martinov). Pharmaceutical Review Farmacevtičnij časopis, (2), 16–24. https://doi.org/10.11603/2312-0967.2020.2.11255

Issue

No. 2 (2020)

Section

PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY

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