INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO CLINICAL THINKING AND SURGICAL PRACTICE: TRANSFORMING APPROACHES IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract

Abstract. The article examines the transformation of a surgeon’s clinical thinking amid the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and the growing role of AI tools in diagnostic and therapeutic processes. It provides a detailed analysis of the current levels of AI integration into surgical practice – from auxiliary decision-support algorithms to autonomous systems capable of performing individual stages of surgical procedures. Particular attention is given to how these technologies modify the cognitive model of clinical decision-making, shifting the focus from a purely intuitive and experience-based approach to a combined one that integrates the surgeon’s expertise with the analytical capabilities of machine learning. The article also highlights key ethical challenges associated with reliance on algorithmic recommendations, including issues of responsibility for treatment outcomes, transparency of digital systems, and the need to preserve the physician’s autonomy. Educational aspects are examined separately, emphasizing evolving competency requirements for future surgeons, the importance of digital literacy, critical thinking, and the ability to interpret AI-generated data. Based on the analysis, the article proposes a set of recommendations for adapting the educational process, improving surgical training, and shaping ethical standards for the responsible use of AI. It underscores the necessity of harmonizing technological innovation with the fundamental principles of clinical medicine to ensure patient safety and enhance the quality of surgical care.