АНАЛІЗ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ПІДВОДНОГО РОЗМІНУВАННЯ  В УКРАЇНІ

Є.А. Крючина; О.Б. Салтиков; А.А. Крючин

doi:10.11603/mie.1996-1960.2025.1-2.15988

Автор(и)

Є.А. Крючина Інститут проблем реєстрації інформації НАН України
О.Б. Салтиков Інститут проблем реєстрації інформації НАН України
А.А. Крючин Інститут проблем реєстрації інформації НАН України

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11603/mie.1996-1960.2025.1-2.15988

Ключові слова:

підводне розмінування, вибухонебезпечні предмети, гідролокаційні системи, підводні безпілотні апарати, дайвери-сапери, підготовка фахівців

Анотація

У статті досліджено сучасний стан розмінування прісноводних водойм і морських акваторій України та його значення в умовах воєнного стану для забезпечення безпеки цивільного населення, торговельного судноплавства та збереження екологічної рівноваги.
Проаналізовано законодавчі акти, що регламентують процеси мінування та розмінування морських і прісноводних акваторій. Здійснено аналіз існуючих підводних вибухових пристроїв і розглянуто сучасні технології підводного розмінування, зокрема методи підводного виявлення мін, використання машинного навчання в процесі обробки сигналів ультразвукових датчиків, стратегії застосування морських і річкових мін, особливості конструкції підводних апаратів, а також інноваційні підходи до виявлення руху за допомогою мікрохвильових радарних датчиків.
Оцінено роль дайверів, водолазів-підривників і водолазів-розвідників у розмінуванні водойм у провідних країнах світу, окреслено основні напрями їх діяльності та систему підготовки фахівців. Узагальнено міжнародний досвід і визначено перспективи комплексної підготовки спеціалістів різних напрямів в Україні для проведення підводного розмінування. Розглянуто особливості медичної та психологічної підготовки таких фахівців і методи їх реабілітації, а також акцентовано увагу на подальшому розвитку баромедицини.

Посилання

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