MODERN ALGORITHMS OF DENTAL PREPARATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY OF THE TOOTH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2311-9624.2025.2.15538Keywords:
tooth preparation, fixed prostheses, tooth surface microtopography, enamel margin, periodontium rotary instruments, preparation algorithms.Abstract
Tooth preparation is a critical phase of prosthetic treatment with fixed restorations and significantly affects the morphofunctional integrity of dental hard tissues, pulp, and periodontium. Despite standardization of clinical protocols, the choice of instruments, preparation techniques, and microtopographical surface parameters remain key determinants of retention quality and long-term success of prosthetic restorations. The aim of the study – based on an analysis of scientific and literary sources, to assess morphological changes in enamel, dentin, and marginal periodontal tissues induced by various tooth preparation techniques and instruments, and to analyze modern preparation algorithms for fixed dental prostheses. Materials and methods. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases over the past 10 years and several fundamental literary sources dating back more than 10 years. A total of 38 publications meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Microscopic surface features, thermal effects, extent of structural damage, pulpal and periodontal responses, and effectiveness of authorspecific preparation protocols were evaluated. Results and Discussion. It was determined that morphological alterations in enamel and dentin are directly dependent on the type and geometry of rotary instruments, grit size, and cooling method. Carbide burs produced the least surface damage and enamel margin cracking. Excessive thermal stress from diamond disks and carborundum stones contributed to pulpal degeneration. Finish polishing of the preparation margin was shown to be essential for ensuring marginal seal. Authorial preparation techniques (Shillingburg, Marxkors, Massironi, Perkins, BOPT, etc.) demonstrated high precision and biological compatibility. Conclusions. Thus, analysis of scientific data has revealed that the quality and outcome of tooth preparation depends on various factors, including the type of instrument chosen, the sequence of stages, the shape and parameters of the shoulder, the micro-relief of the surface and the biological reaction of the tissues. Adhering carefully to evidence-based algorithms and taking an individualised approach to preparation using proprietary techniques minimises the risk of complications, ensures the durability of restorations and promotes biocompatibility with surrounding tissues.
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