MODERN VISION AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE NEUROPLASTICITY MECHANISM IN REHABILITATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i3.15570Keywords:
neuroplasticity, nervous system, rehabilitation, neurodevelopmental disordersAbstract
SUMMARY. Neuroplasticity is a key mechanism for restoring function after nervous system damage. Modern rehabilitation is based on the principle that the nervous system is able to change and adapt - and this can be stimulated by special interventions.
The aim – to summarize the current understanding of the biological basis and mechanisms of neuroplasticity, as well as to highlight their role in the recovery of the nervous system during rehabilitation.
Material and Methods. The methods of systematic analysis and generalization of data from the literature, in particular from the PubMed database, were used. The biological bases, cellular and neurophysiological mechanisms of neuroplasticity, as well as the principles of its use in rehabilitation are covered.
Results. The study of how synaptic plasticity occurs and how it is modified during certain time windows of development will provide key information about how the brain develops. Furthermore, a better understanding of how synaptic modifications occur during learning and memory and/or development may help to shape and improve the effectiveness of current protocols in the early stages of learning.
Rehabilitation interventions (motor activity, training, stimulation) activate synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, axon regeneration, and the release of neurotrophic factors. These changes increase the adaptability and compensatory capacity of the nervous system. The modern approach emphasizes the importance of an individualized rehabilitation strategy that maximizes the neuroplasticity of a particular patient.
Studies have shown that neurorehabilitation itself can be considered as a part of neuroplasticity or as a means of enhancing it, thus establishing a symbiotic relationship between them.
Conclusions. The modern view of the problem of neuroplasticity is not just a theoretical basis, but the main tool that should be actively used to restore the patient. Rehabilitation should be “adjusted” to these mechanisms in order to maximize the result.
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