LATENT IRON DEFICIENCY IN STUDENTS: THE ROLE OF NUTRITION AND LIFESTYLE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2021.v.i4.12796Keywords:
social and hygienic monitoring, pre-nosological diagnostics, iron, alimentary deficiencyAbstract
SUMMARY. The aim – to assess the prevalence of latent iron deficiency in students depending on the quality of nutrition and lifestyle.
Material and Methods. The study was conducted during 2015–2016 on the basis of departments of the Department of Hygiene and Medical Ecology of Odessa National Medical University. A survey was conducted on the daily iron intake and prevalence of iron deficiency symptoms in 976 medical students aged 17 to 32 years, among whom girls slightly prevailed (51.7 %). The mean age of the subjects was 19.7±0.9 years.
Evaluation of the qualitative content of iron compounds in the diet was performed by the calculation method. Individuals with probable iron deficiency were examined to determine hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit (general clinical blood test) and serum ferritin. Statistical processing was performed by methods of variance and correlation history using Statistica 10.0 software (TIBCO, USA).
Results. 628 students (64.3 %) consumed more than 90 percent of the daily requirement, including 377 (38.6 %) – in excessive (more than 100 %) quantities. 14.5 % of students (or 142 people) consumed from 81 to 90 % of daily needs, 128 (13.1 %) – from 71 to 80 %. 78 (8.0 %) students had a probable iron deficiency (up to 70 % of daily requirement). The most common complaints associated with probable iron deficiency were general weakness (107 or 11.0 %), increased fatigue (138 cases or 14.1 %), pale skin and mucous membranes (38 or 3.9 %), drowsiness (41 or 4.2 %), dry mouth (52 or 5.3 %), brittle hair (26 or 2.7 %), bleeding gums (14 or 1.4 %). Hyposmia, dysgeusia, and dysphagia were found much less frequently.
In general, probable iron deficiency was found at the previous stage of the study in 88 (9.0 %) patients, they were subsequently performed verifying laboratory studies. In the analysis of the obtained data, the diagnosis of mild IDA was confirmed in 4 (4.5 %) girls aged 18-21 years, latent iron deficiency – in 31 (35.2 %), with a predominance of girls – gender ratio 1: 2.4.
Conclusions: 1. The frequency of latent iron deficiency in the population of students studying at the Medical University of Southern Ukraine does not exceed 3.2 % of the total number of contingents.
- The proposed screening method of latent iron deficiency meets the requirements for pre-nosological diagnostic tools (J=0.39 Sp=0.99) and can be recommended for use in the practice of social and hygienic monitoring
References
Dahlerup, J., Lindgren, S., & Moum, B. (2015). Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are global health problems. Lakartidningen, 112, DAAE.
Ning, S., & Zeller, M. P. (2019). Management of iron deficiency. Hematology Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program., 2019(1), 315-322. DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2019000034.
Muñoz, M., García-Erce, J.A., & Remacha, Á.F. (2011). Disorders of iron metabolism. Part II: iron deficiency and iron overload. J. Clin. Pathol., 64(4), 287-296. DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2010.086991.
Shchudro, S.A. (2015). Kharchovyi status yak kryterii donozolohichnoi diahnostyky zdorovia pidlitkiv [Nutritional status as a criterion for pre-nosological diagnosis of adolescent health]. Medychni perspektyvy – Medical Perspectives, 20, 2, 117-123 [in Ukrainian].
Orlova, S.V., Nikitina, Ye.A., Prokopenko, Ye.V., & Vodolazkaya, A.N. (2021). Resheniye problemy zhelezodefitsita: yeda, biodobavki ili lekarstvennyye sredstva? [The Solution to Iron Deficiency: Food, Supplements, or Medicines?]. Terapiya – Therapy, 7, 1(43), 162-171 [in Russian].
Ancheva, I. A. (2013). Instrumenty skrininga dlya vyyavleniya latentnogo zhelezodefitsita u beremennykh [Screening tools for detecting latent iron deficiency in pregnant women.]. Sovremennaya meditsina: aktualnyye voprosy – Modern Medicine: Topical Issues, 22, 6-10 [in Russian].
Percy, L., Mansour, D., & Fraser, I. (2017). Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in women. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol., 40, 55-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.09.007.
Hönemann, C., Hagemann, O., Doll, D., Luedi, M.M.L., Ruebsam, M.L., & Meybohm, P. (2020). Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent as a diagnostic marker for the current iron deficiency : Old wine in new bottles. Anaesthesist, 69(12), 919-925. DOI: 10.1007/s00101-020-00870-y.
Sebastiani, G., Herranz Barbero, A., Borrás-Novell, C., Alsina Casanova, M., Aldecoa-Bilbao, V., Andreu-Fernández, V., …, & García-Algar, O. (2019). The effects of vegetarian and vegan diet during pregnancy on the health of mothers and offspring. Nutrients, 11(3), 557. DOI: 10.3390/nu11030557.
Clénin, G.E. (2017). The treatment of iron deficiency without anaemia (in otherwise healthy persons). Swiss. Med. Wkly, 147, w14434. DOI: 10.4414/smw.2017.14434.
Gelaw, Y., Woldu, B., & Melku, M. (2019). The role of reticulocyte hemoglobin content for diagnosis of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, and monitoring of iron therapy: a literature review. Clin. Lab., 65(12). DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2019.190315.
Larson, L.M., Phiri, K.S., & Pasricha, S.R. (2017). Iron and cognitive development: what is the evidence? Ann. Nutr. Metab., 71, 3, 25-38. DOI: 10.1159/000480742.
Muldaeva, G., Rukaber, N., Arystan, L., Haydargalieva, L., & Kenzhetaeva, Z. (2016). Iron-deficiency anemia as a factor of development of asthenia syndrome Georgian Medical News, 256-257, 72-76.
Voronkov, L.H. (2018). Pokaznyky obminu zaliza v patsiientiv z khronichnoiu sertsevoiu nedostatnistiu ta znyzhenoiu fraktsiieiu vykydu livoho shlunochka zalezhno vid yikh osnovnykh demohrafichnykh i kliniko-instrumentalnykh kharakterystyk [Indicators of iron metabolism in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction depending on their main demographic and clinical-instrumental characteristics]. Ukraiinskyi kardiolohichnyi zhurnal – Ukrainian Journal of Cardiology, 4, 57-63 [in Ukrainian].
Nadvornyi, N.N., & Kresyuna, V.I. (2015). Zdorovoye pitaniye. Osnovy obshchey nutritsiologii [Fundamentals of General Nutritionology]. Odessa : Press-kuryer [in Russian].
Zhulkevych, I.V., Smiian, S.I., Havryliuk, M.Ye., Kmita, H.H., Kramar, L.T., & Korchynska, R.Y. (2000). Metodolohichni pidkhody do vyvchennia yakosti zhyttia v hematolohichnykh doslidzhenniakh [Methodological approaches to the study of quality of life in hematological research]. Visnyk naukovykh doslidzhen - Bulletin of Scientific Research, 3, 16-23. Retrieved from: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/vndt_2000_3_5.
USDA/FDA Database. Retrieved from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov.
Borovikov, V.P. (2016). Populyarnoye vvedeniye v sovremennyy analiz dannykh i mashinnoye obucheniye na Statistica. SPb [in Russian].
Pats, N.V., Kapustina, A.N., & Yakovchik, D.Yu. (2019). Sideropenicheskiy sindrom u studencheskoy molodezhi [Sideropenic syndrome in student youth]. Visnyk Ukrayinskoi medychnoi stomatolohichnoi akademii – Bulletin of the Ukrainian Medical Dental Academy, 19, 3(67), 62-67 [in Russian].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Achievements of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
