ANALYSIS OF RHYTHM DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN THE PREHOSPITAL STAGE AND IN THE EARLY AND LATE REPERFUSION PERIOD: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2021.v.i2.12055Keywords:
інфаркт міокарда, порушення ритму серцяAbstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) often manifests as complex, fatal arrhythmias, which is the greatest threat to survival in the first hours of acute myocardial ischemia. The frequency of cardiac arrhythmias (CA) differs significantly depending on the stage of hospitalization, time when percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was conducted and their prognostic assessment is ambiguous.
The aim – to analyze the CA in different periods of MI and compare them with data from other studies.
Material and Methods: the analysis of the local MI register conducted by the department of therapy and family medicine on the basis of the city cardiological center from 2010 to 2020 years which includes more than 2000 clinical cases. Data from 1593 patients aged 29–89 years, mean age (65.10 ± 0.37) years were selected for the study. Statistical processing of data was performed with SPSS v.21 and Microsoft Excel - 2010. At the same time the search engines such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, Webcardio were used to analyse literature sources for the last 10 years.
Results. Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) such as ventricular tachycardia (VT) and AF can occur at any time during myocardial infarction, from the early minutes of the acute period to the distant period of MI. 6 % of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) develop VT or atrial fibrillation (AF) in the first hours after the onset of symptoms, more often before admission to the hospital [10]. In our study, VA at the prehospital stage were recorded in 15.34 %.
Early reperfusion arrhythmias in our study were found in 32.54 %, manifested by supraventricular (5.7 %) and ventricular (17.3 %) extrasystoles, paroxysms of AF (1.92 %), VT (5.7 %), ventricular fibrillation (1.92 %), which on average coincides with the data of various authors. According to our observations, late reperfusion arrhythmias were observed in 12.6 % of cases in the form of supraventricular (4.4 %) and ventricular (4.4 %) extrasystoles, paroxysms of AF (1.92 %) of VA (2.0 %) mainly due to VT.
Conclusions: Both ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias often occur in the prehospital stage and during revascularization in MI.
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