CHANGES IN ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY DURING MODELING OF PERIODONTAL TISSUE DISEASE AND ITS CORRECTION

Abstract

The study of the causes of periodontal tissue diseases and their treatment approaches consistently attracts the attention of both scientists and clinicians. Individual characteristics of each patient, as well as the presence of concurrent diseases, prompt the development and examination of various treatment strategies. An important issue is the analysis of specific biochemical indicators that reflect the body’s response to individual medications, as well as their synergistic effects when used in combination. Of particular interest is the investigation of the combined effects of orally administered and locally applied drugs on key indicators of the body’s enzyme systems during the treatment of periodontitis. The study aimed to investigate the changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the blood serum and periodontal tissue homogenate of outbred white rats under three conditions: normal, experimental periodontitis, and after treatment with various drugs that possess antioxidant properties. The effects of vitamin C, rutin, and the drug “Ascorutin” were examined, along with the combined effects of “Ascorutin” and “Sage tincture”. Methods: To model periodontal tissue disease, we implemented a modified technique for inducing periodontitis. To prevent necrosis in the periodontal tissues of adult rats weighing between 180–220 grams, we devised a method that involves adjusting the number of application areas of the scaler tip and regulating the ultrasonic frequency exposure of the mechanical pathogen. This approach allowed us to achieve a specific level of inflammatory and dystrophic changes in the periodontal tissues of the experimental animals without causing necrosis. Laboratory studies were conducted to assess the activity of ALP on the first, eighth, and fifteenth days of the experiments. The ALP activity in the samples was measured photometrically using the HumaLyzer 4000 photometer. All stages of the study were carried out in accordance with the provided instructions, which are part of the standard set for ALP activity determination. The results were statistically analyzed, and the significance of differences between the indicators for different groups of animals was evaluated using the Student’s t-test. Results and Discussion: The studies conducted on the blood serum of experimental animals revealed that the activity of lipase ALP in animals with induced pathology on the 8th day was significantly higher (2.01 times) than in the intact group. On the 15th day, the ALP activity in the animals with induced pathology still exceeded that of the intact group by 1.94 times, but it was notably lower (by 1.04 times) compared to the activity observed on the 8th day. When examining the homogenate of periodontal tissues from the experimental animals, it was found that the ALP activity in those with induced pathology on the 8th day was 6.08% lower than in the intact group. By the 15th day, ALP activity in the simulated periodontitis group was 1.38 times lower than that of the intact animals and 1.3 times lower than that of the animals with induced pathology on the 8th day without any treatment. Based on the findings from the blood serum analysis, we predicted that the ALP activity in the intact group could be achieved by animals receiving a combination of the drugs “Ascorutin” and “Sage tincture” by the 8th day of treatment. For those treated exclusively with “Ascorutin”, this level could be reached by the 18th day. However, if only rutin was used for correction, ALP activity levels comparable to those of intact animals were only expected to be achieved by the 26th day. In contrast, the separate use of “Vitamin C” and “Sage tincture” would require over 66 days to reach similar levels. In the analysis of ALP activity within the homogenate of periodontal tissues, it was determined that only the experimental animals receiving the combined treatment of “Ascorutin” and “Sage tincture” could achieve ALP activity levels characteristic of intact animals by the 10th day of treatment. No positive trends in ALP activity were observed in any of the other experimental groups throughout the study period. Conclusions: This study established that a modified method for modeling inflammatory phenomena in the periodontal tissues of rats successfully prevented critical dystrophic changes and necrosis in these tissues. The administration of vitamin C, rutin, and sage tincture did not consistently lead to significant improvements in the restoration of ALP activity in both blood serum and periodontal tissue homogenates. It was determined that the most effective treatment approach involved a combination of the drug “Ascorutin” (orally) and sage tincture (local irrigation).