TREATMENT OF EARLY STAGES OF GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS IN PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED BONE MINERAL DENSITY

Abstract

Objective. To improve the effectiveness of treatment for generalized periodontitis in patients with low bone mineral density. Methods. Treatment was carried out on 51 patients with generalized periodontitis and low bone mineral density. The main subgroups included: 12 men (42.85%), 11 women (39.29%) of reproductive age, and 5 postmenopausal women (17.86%), who were treated according to a developed therapeutic and preventive complex. The control subgroups consisted of 10 men (43.48%), 10 women of reproductive age (43.48%), and 3 postmenopausal women (13.04%). Results. Six months after treatment, male patients with early-stage to stage I generalized periodontitis in the main group, who received care following the developed therapeutic and preventive complex, showed a significant reduction in the studied indicators compared to baseline values: PMA – decreased by 2.0 times, p<0.001, OHI-S – decreased by 1.7 times, p<0.001, PBI – decreased by 1.6 times, p<0.01, CPI – decreased by 1.6 times, p<0.001, BOP – decreased by 1.5 times, p<0.001. At the same time, in men of the control group with early-stage to stage I generalized periodontitis, the values of these index assessments worsened and did not significantly differ from the baseline values. Six months after treatment, stabilization of dystrophic-inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissues of women of reproductive age in the main group was confirmed by a marked positive dynamic in paraclinical indices, which included further reductions compared to baseline: PMA – decreased by 2.5 times, p<0.001, OHI-S – decreased by 1.4 times, p<0.05, PBI – decreased by 1.6 times, CPI – decreased by 1.5 times, BOP – decreased by 1.9 times, p<0.001. Notably, in women of reproductive age in the control group, six months after treatment, the improvement in parameter values under study was not statistically significant (p>0.05), except for the PMA index, which was 1.2 times lower than baseline (p<0.05). Six months after treatment, women in the main group with early- stage to stage I generalized periodontitis treated according to the developed therapeutic regimen had lower values compared to baseline: PMA – decreased by 2.3 times, OHI-S, PBI, CPI – decreased by 1.5 times, BOP – decreased by 1.8 times (p<0.001). In the control group, the values of the analyzed parameters increased during the same period and were comparable to the pre-treatment data. Conclusion. The therapeutic complex developed and proposed for the management of early-stage to stage I generalized periodontitis, which included agents for both local and systemic use, significantly improved periodontal tissue condition in both male and female patients in the main groups. It achieved stabilization of periodontal tissue status in an average of 82.14±7.23% of individuals with impaired bone mineral density. This positive trend was confirmed by a reduction in the mean index values for both sexes compared to baseline.