Determination of lipid metabolism in the blood of patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of atherosclerosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2311-9624.2022.4.13586Keywords:
generalized periodontitis, atherosclerosis, total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipaseAbstract
Summary. Numerous studies conducted over the last decades leave no doubt about the influence of metabolic disorders, in particular lipid metabolism, on the structural and functional state of the body's vessels. Disturbances in the blood lipid metabolism system are a generally recognized key component of the pathogenesis of lesions of the vascular bed, in particular periodontal, meanwhile, the mechanisms of lipid transport disorders in dystrophic-inflammatory lesions of periodontal tissues against the background of atherosclerosis remain unclear to this day.
The aim of the study – to study disorders of lipid metabolism in the blood of patients with generalized periodontitis against the background of atherosclerosis.
Materials and Methods. The lipid spectrum was determined in the blood of 76 patients with GP on the background of atherosclerosis – (the main group); in 27 people with GP without general somatic diseases - (comparison group); in 30 people with atherosclerosis without accompanying dental diseases and in 25 healthy people without dental and somatic diseases – (control group). The study of lipid parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, lipases) was carried out on an automatic biochemical analyzer Cobas Mira Plus (Switzerland) using reagent sets “Biolatest” (Czech Republic). Statistical calculation of the obtained results was carried out using application programs “Statistica 8.0” (StatSoft, USA) and a package of statistical functions of the Microsoft Excel 2021 program.
Results and Discussion. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that in the blood of patients with generalized periodontitis against the background of atherosclerosis, an increase in the levels of total cholesterol was found – by 64.38 %, p<0.05, triglycerides – by 3.0 times, p<0.01, LDL – by 36.0 %, p<0.05, lipase activity – by 100.5 %, p<0.01, atherogenicity coefficient – by 4.9 times, p<0.01, against the background of a decrease in HDL – by 46.6 %, p<0.01, compared to the data in practically healthy individuals of the control group.
Conclusions. Thus, the state of blood lipid composition in patients with generalized periodontitis against the background of atherosclerosis was characterized by a violation of cholesterol transport, which was expressed by an increase in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and lipase activity, an increase in the content of LDL with a corresponding decrease in the concentration of HDL. Having evaluated the nature of changes in the lipid spectrum of the blood, it was established that the greatest imbalance of lipid metabolism was determined in 3rd degree GP, which emphasizes the role of dyslipidemia in the development of endothelial dysfunction.
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