PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY, MELATONIN, PRO- AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/24116-4944.2018.1.7502Keywords:
melatonin, placenta, cytokines, intrauterine fetal growth restriction.Abstract
The aim of the study – to establish the correlation between the placental insufficiency and pro- and anti-inflammatory part of the immune system by studying of the levels of melatonin, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in pregnant women with placental insufficiency.
Materials and Methods. 46 pregnant women with placental insufficiency were examined. The placental insufficiency manifested as the intrauterine growth restriction syndrome of fetus (IUGR) in the 3rd pregnancy trimester. Control group consisted of 20 women with uncomplicated pregnancy in the same term. The studying of the blood concentrations of melatonin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrotizing factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1-β (IL-1-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), was conducted. The kit of reagents Melatonin ELISA, manufactured by IBL, Germany, was used for studying of the blood concentrations of melatonin. The levels of cytokines were determined in the blood using reagents manufactured by “Vektor-Best” (Ukraine).
Results and Discussion. It has been established that concentration of melatonin significantly decreases, if the pregnancy is complicated by intrauterine fetal growth restriction (study group – (126.87±14.87) pg/ml, control group – (231.25±21.56) pg/ml, p<0.001). The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the study group were significantly higher, comparing with the control group (TNF-α: study group – (10.05±1.35) pg/ml, control group – (5.60±1.50) pg/ml, p<0.05; IL-1-β: study group – (14.67±2.13) pg/ml, control group – (3.96±0.92) pg/ml, p<0.001; IL-6: study group – (6.91±0.99) pg/ml, control group – (2.69±0.99) pg/ml, p<0.05). The same is true about anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4: study group – (5.97±0.50) pg/ml, control group – (3.74±0.62) pg/ml, p<0.05; IL-10: study group – (11.40±1.50) pg/ml, control group – (4.70±3.20) pg/ml, p<0.001).
Conclusions. The blood level of melatonin significantly decreases in case of placental insufficiency, manifested as intrauterine fetal growth restriction. The strengthening of the pro-inflammatory immunity, shown as the increasing of the levels of TNF-α, IL-1-β and IL-6, is also present in case of IUGR. The rising of the plasma concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, in our opinion, can be explained by activation of the mechanisms of compensation, which decrease the risk of premature labor.
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