VITAMIN D STATUS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHILD DISEASES DEVELOPMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/24116-4944.2018.1.8800Keywords:
vitamin D, children, calcitriol, metabolic metabolism, calcium, phosphorus, rickets.Abstract
The status of vitamin D in children is most associated with disorders of phosphorus and calcium metabolism, metabolic disorders in hypothalamic syndromes and obesity, disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, organs of the reproductive system. The vitamin D endocrine system influence on the electrolytes concentration, cell proliferation, the state of the immune system, inhibition of angiogenesis, induction of apoptosis in cells. When decreasing the level of vitamin D in the serum, the level of IgG and IgA decreases, changes in the number of T-lymphocytes and their subpopulations occur, and quantitative indices of levels of local immunity are reduced. Immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D are manifested in the activation of phagocytosis and antigenic capacity of macrophages, inhibition of the production of interleukin-2 activated lymphocytes, inhibition of DNA synthesis and proliferation of active T- and B-lymphocytes. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases of connective tissue, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis is associated with vitamin D. With a decrease in the level of vitamin D in the muscle tissue, there is a decrease in the concentration of calcium in the serum, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of both strained and smooth muscle cells. Calcitriol reduces the constrictive properties of the vascular walls, thus affecting the softening of the resistive properties of the arteries. The interconnection of vitamin D with the volatile metabolism lies in the fact that in the nuclei of B-cells of pancreatic islets its receptor protein is present, resulting in regulation of insulin levels. In children with metabolic disorders, the inverse relationship between vitamin D and metabolic factors, in particular insulin resistance, body mass index, waist circumference and thighs, triglycerides and total testosterone levels, and direct correlation with insulin sensitivity have been shown. Disturbance in fat metabolism, especially in children, is one of the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, and the amount of fatty tissue is decisive in its metabolism and its biological role. Calcitriol affects inflammation of adipose tissue by reducing proinflammatory cytokines that are secreted in adipose tissue.References
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