FUNCTIONAL OVARIAN CYSTS AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/24116-4944.2025.2.15797Keywords:
functional ovarian cysts, menstrual disorders, reproductive health, infertility, risk factorsAbstract
The aim of the study – to conduct a comparative analysis of reproductive and somatic health parameters in young women with benign ovarian cysts and to determine the pathogenetic aspects of their formation.
Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed of 3,564 medical records of patients of reproductive age who were treated at the gynecology department or consulted at the Family Planning Centre for gynecological pathology, of which 268 cases were diagnosed with functional cysts and benign tumour-like formations of the ovaries (7.5 %). To identify prognostic risk factors for the development of functional cysts and benign ovarian tumours, a retrospective analysis of anamnestic, clinical and echographic data was performed in three study groups: group I – 192 patients with functional ovarian cysts (71.6 %) (follicular cyst, corpus luteum cyst, paraovarian cyst); group II – 76 patients (28.4 %) with benign tumour-like formations of the ovaries (simple (serous) cyst, ovarian endometriosis, mucinous cyst, dermoid cyst); control group – 50 conditionally healthy women.
Results and Discussion. Statistical differences were found between groups in terms of parameters such as pathological puberty (χ2=5.19, p<0.02), ovulatory dysfunction (χ2=7.10, p<0.001), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (χ2=18.65, p<0.001) with a predominance of hyperandrogenic states (χ2=4.37, p<0.04) and oligomenorrhea (χ2=6.36, p<0.01) in patients of the group I. In 91 patients (34.0 %), overweight and obesity were observed (1.7 times more often in group I), and in every fifth observation, a low body mass index and thyroid disease were diagnosed (52 – 19.4 %), which demonstrates the formation of metabolic and hormonal disorders in this category of women. In the structure of somatic and gynecological diseases, attention was drawn to the high proportion of acute respiratory diseases, viral infections, inflammatory processes of the lower reproductive tract, and precancerous pathological conditions of the cervix with an inflammatory component. Infertility was the dominant symptom of functional cysts (40.6 %). A set of predictors for the formation of functional cysts has been identified: childhood infections and acute viral diseases (OR=3.32), chronic tonsillitis (OR=6.12), diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary tract (OR=3.22), metabolic disorders (OR=7.21), chronic inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs (OR=4.30), surgical manipulations on the pelvic organs and appendages (OR=6.60), polycystic ovary syndrome (OR=67.15), artificial feeding during previous pregnancies or a short period of lactation (OR=5.30), smoking (OR=2.45).
Conclusions. Assessment of clinical symptoms in patients with functional cysts revealed a high incidence of infertility, impaired reproductive function (χ2=5.19, p<0.02) and menstrual disorders such as anovulation (χ2=7.10, p<0.001), oligomenorrhea (χ2=6.36, p<0.01) and hyperandrogenic states (χ2=4.37, p<0.04), as well as the manifestation of polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms (χ2=18.65, p<0.001). Based on the study, a multifaceted characteristic of the somatic and reproductive health of women with cysts and benign ovarian tumours is presented, and risk factors for the development of functional cysts in young women are systematised: pathological puberty, childhood infections, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary tract, metabolic disorders, chronic inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs, appendectomy, polycystic ovary syndrome.
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