IMPACT OF STRESS ON PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH IN TODAY’S CONDITIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/24116-4944.2022.2.13458Keywords:
stress, complications of pregnancy and childbirth, children of warAbstract
The aim of study – to investigate the impact of prenatal stress on peculiarities of the psycho-emotional state of a pregnant woman, the course of pregnancy, childbirth during the war.
Materials and Methods. In order to achieve the purpose, 60 pregnant women have been selected at the beginning of pregnancy, who have been registered for pregnancy and have given birth at Municipal Non-Profit Enterprise “Ternopil City Clinical Hospital No. 2” through preliminary testing of stress level (according to Yu. V. Shcherbatykh). The pregnant women have been divided into 3 groups under the level of stress resistance: group I (20 women) with no stress, group II (20 women) with moderate compensated stress and group III (20 women) with symptoms of severe stress. This article analyzesthe results of a questionnaire in the studied groups to determine the level of stress at the beginning of pregnancy and before childbirth and the data of medical documentation of histories of pregnancy and childbirth (form No. 096.о) taking into account the peculiarities of their course, the condition of newborns and calculating the average statistical indicators using standard Statistica information processing systems.
Results and Discussion. After conducting a comparative analysis of the level of stress resistance and the dynamics of its indicators (intellectual, behavioral, emotional and physiological) in the studied groups of pregnant women, it has been established that the level of stress in the studied groups increased due to the increase in the share of physiological symptoms. The share of intellectual and behavioral symptoms has decreased in the overall assessment of stress in women of three groups during pregnancy. Analysing the features of the course of pregnancy in women of these groups, there has been revealed the development of such complications as the threat of premature birth, placental dysfunction, and gestosisin women with a higher level of stress. Thus, the threat of premature birth has been diagnosed in 15 % of women of group I, 25 % of women of group II, and 30 % of women of group III. Placental dysfunction has been diagnosed in 25 % of women of group I, 35 % of women of group II, and 40 % of group III, development of gestosis – in 20 % of women of group I, 30 % of women of group II, and 45 % of group III. The duration of pregnancy in women with a higher level of stress also has decreased: in the group I 39 weeks 2 days + 7 days, in the group II 38 weeks 5 days + 6 days, and in the group III 38 weeks and 1 day + 6 days. The frequency of use of analgesia during childbirth in women has increased as the level of stress increased, so analgesia has been used in 35 % of women in the group I, in 40 % of women in the group II, and in 55 % of the group III. The frequency of delivery using caesarean section has increased in women with a higher level of stress: 20 % of women in group I, 25 % of women in group II, and 35 % of women in group III.
Conclusions. After conducting the study of the impact of stress on pregnant women, it has been established that the level of stress increases before childbirth, which is associated with the increase in physiological symptoms of pregnancy. While the share of intellectual and behavioral symptoms has decreased in the overall assessment of stress in women of three groups during pregnancy. As a result of analysis of the course of pregnancy and childbirth in women of the studied groups, it has been established that an increased level of stress during pregnancy increases the number of such complications as the threat of premature birth, placental dysfunction, and gestosis. Women with high level of stress have reduced pregnancy duration and weight of newborn compared to women with low level of stress. A feature of the course of childbirth is a significant increase in the frequency of use of analgesia in childbirth and the frequency of operative delivery in women with a higher level of stress. Such features of the impact of prenatal stress prove the need to establish the psycho-emotional state of a pregnant woman at the beginning of pregnancy. Further improvement of tactics of maintenance of pregnant women with an increased level of stress is aimed at the growth of certain methods of psycho-emotional support and the involvement of psychological counselling in order to prevent possible complications.
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