PROSPECTS AND SOME ASPECTS OF THE TREATMENT OF ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS AT THE MODERN STAGE OF MEDICINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/24116-4944.2022.2.13447Keywords:
oncology, genetics, immunology, carcinogens, valeology, prospectsAbstract
The aim of the study – to get acquainted with modern trends, methods of treatment and prevention of cancer patients in new areas of medicine – genetics, immunology, valeology, dietology.
Materials and Methods. Publications from the past ten years have been used, reflecting the latest, revolutionary views on the etiology of cancer and the possible development of more effective methods of combating this deadly disease.
Results and Discussion. At the moment, the dominant method of treating oncological diseases is the classic triad of drugs, which is called the «golden» standard of cancer treatment. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery are effective only in the early stages of tumors, when they are small and do not have metastases. In most cases, this standard does not satisfy either doctors or patients, so the search for other methods of therapy has recently been developing extremely intensively. New areas of medicine, especially genetics and immunology, have revealed great hopes in the fight against this disease – cancer. After all, classical methods have a lot of side effects, so radiation kills not only the tumor, but also healthy tissue. Different methods of local irradiation do not give the desired result, especially when the mutated cells have spread throughout the body. Sometimes there are forms of cancer that are not sensitive to radiation, so they increase the dose of radiation causing signs of radiation sickness – nausea, vomiting, weakness, anemia, depression, inhibition of the immune system. The same applies to chemotherapy. After several courses of chemotherapy, the effectiveness of treatment decreases, which requires an increase in the dose of these drugs, which are toxic to the body. Selective injection of these drugs into the tumor is not always possible and safe. The effectiveness of surgical treatment is possible only in combination with previous methods. Limb amputations are usually not used in children, replacing them with segmental resections. But, if the tumor is large, amputation is performed.
Conclusion. The level of modern medicine will make it possible to completely or partially replace the three classic methods of cancer treatment – chemotherapy, radiotherapy, oncological surgery with genetic engineering, immunotherapy and vaccine therapy.
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