FEATURES OF THE STATUS OF VITAMIN D AND MINERAL METABOLISM DEPENDING ON THE BSML POLYMORPHISM OF THE VDR GENE IN CHILDREN DURING THE SECOND GROWTH SPURT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/24116-4944.2022.1.13252Keywords:
child, growth spurt, vitamin D, calcium, polymorphism of genesAbstract
The aim of the study – to determine the peculiarities of the status of vitamin D and mineral metabolism in children during the second growth spurt, depending on the BSML polymorphism of the VDR gene.
Materials and Methods. 205 children aged 9–17 were examined, who were divided into groups depending on the presence of growth spurt (GS) and its intensity. Group I consisted of 50 children who increased in height by 8–12 cm during the current year; Group II included 46 children who increased in height by more than 12 cm during the current year; Group III – 109 children who did not have GS. The examination included the analysis of anamnesis data, assessment of the level of physical and sexual development, determination of the levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and polymorphism of the VDR gene.
Results and Discussion. A decrease in the level of calcium was observed in all groups of children. Thus, the average level of total calcium in children of the Group I was (2.22±0.15) mmol/l, ionized calcium – (1.12±0.28) mmol/l. In the children of Group II, the level of total calcium was (2.13±0.11) mmol/l, ionized calcium was (0.99±0.10) mmol/l, in the children of Group III – (2.26±0.18) mmol/l and (1.12±0.10) mmol/l, respectively. All children were diagnosed with insufficiency or deficiency of vitamin D. The average level of vitamin D in children of Group I was (40.80±9.44) nmol/l, insufficiency was found in 9 (18.0 %) children and deficiency in 41 (82.0 %) of the child. In children of Group II, the average level of vitamin D was (45.6±5.14) nmol/l, insufficiency was diagnosed in 6 (13.04 %) children, and deficiency in 40 (86.96 %) children. In children of the Group III, the average level of vitamin D by group was (40.47±9.49) nmol/l, vitamin deficiency was found in 18 (16.5 %) children, deficiency in 91 children (83.5 %). When conducting a molecular study, it was established that 48.76 % of children did not have mutations of the BSML polymorphism of the VDR gene, 41.32 % of children had a heterozygous mutation, and 9.92 % of children had a homozygous mutation.
Conclusions. A decrease in the supply of calcium against the background of a low level of vitamin D affects the mineralization of bone tissue, but during the period of intensive growth of the child, the inability of the child's body to adequately form bone tissue has a greater impact. In 100 % of children, the level of vitamin D did not reach the reference values.
References
Berzin, V.I., & Stelmakhivska, V.P. (2018). Hihiienichni aspekty problemy kharchuvannia ditei shkilnoho viku v suchasnykh umovakh [Hygienic aspects of the problem of school-age children's nutrition in modern conditions. Zdorovia suspilstva – Public Health, 7 (2), 87-90 [in Ukrainian].
Akseer, N., Al-Gashm, S., Mehta, S., Mokdad, A. & Bhutta, Z.A. (2017). Global and regional trends in the nutritional status of young people: a critical and neglected age group. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1393 (1), 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13336
Kouda, K., Iki, M., Fujita, Y., Nakamura, H., Uenishi, K., Ohara, K., & Nishiyama, T. (2020). Calcium intake and bone mineral acquisition during the pubertal growth spurt: Three-Year Follow-Up of the Kitakata Kids Health Study in Japan. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 66 (2), 158-167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.66.158
Frolova, T.V., Okhapkina, O.V., Atamanova, O.V., & Medviedieva, O.P. (2016). Vitaminno-mineralna zabezpechenist ditei Kharkivskoho rehionu [Vitamin and mineral supply of children of the Kharkiv region]. Zdorovye rebenka – Child's Health, 5 (73), 50-53 [in Ukrainian].
Salerno, G., Ceccarelli, M., De Waure, C., D’Andrea, M., Buonsenso, D., Faccia, V., & Valentini, P. (2018). Epidemiology and risk factors of hypovitaminosis D in a cohort of internationally adopted children: a retrospective study. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 44 (1), 1-14.
Kvashnina, L.V. (2018). Osoblyvosti kaltsiievoho homeostazu v ditei shkilnoho viku [Peculiarities of calcium homeostasis in school-age children]. Zdorovye rebenka – Child's Health,13 (1). www.mif-ua.com/archive/article_print/45751 [in Ukrainian].
Marushko, Yu.V., Asonov, A.O., & Hyshchak, T.V. (2019). Rol mahniiu v orhanizmi liudyny ta vplyv zmenshenoho vmistu mahniiu na yakist zhyttia ditei iz hastroezofahealnoiu refliuksnoiu khvoroboiu [The role of magnesium in the human body and the effect of reduced magnesium content on the quality of life of children with gastroesophageal reflux disease]. Sovremennaya pediatryya – Modern Pediatrics, 1, 124-131 [in Ukrainian].
Christakos, S., Dhawan, P., Verstuyf, A., Verlinden, L., & Carmeliet, G. (2016). Vitamin D: Metabolism, molecular mechanism of action, and pleiotropic effects. Physiological Reviews, 96 (1), 365-408. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00014.2015
Bikle, D.D. (2021). Vitamin D: Production, metabolism and mechanisms of action. In K. R. Feingold (Eds.). Endotext. MDText.com, Inc.
Nettore, I. C., Albano, L., Ungaro, P., Colao, A., & Macchia, P. E. (2017). Sunshine vitamin and thyroid. Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders, 18 (3), 347-354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-017-9406-3
Al Anouti, F., Taha, Z., Shamim, S., Khalaf, K., Al Kaabi, L., & Alsafar, H. (2019). An insight into the paradigms of osteoporosis: From genetics to biomechanics. Bone Reports, 11, 100216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100216
VDR vitamin D receptor [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI (nih.gov)
Uitterlinden, A.G., Ralston, S.H., Brandi, M.L., Carey, A.H., Grinberg, D., Langdahl, B.L., Lips, P., et al. … GENOMOS Study (2006). The association between common vitamin D receptor gene variations and osteoporosis: a participant-level meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 145 (4), 255-264. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00005
Płudowski, P., Karczmarewicz, E., Bayer, M., Carter, G., Chlebna-Sokół, D., Czech-Kowalska, J., Dębski, R., et al. (2013). Practical guidelines for the supplementation of vitamin D and the treatment of deficits in Central Europe – recommended vitamin D intakes in the general population and groups at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Endokrynologia Polska, 64 (4), 319-327. https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.2013.0012
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Actual Problems of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
1. The authors reserve the right to authorship of the work and pass the journal right of first publication of this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to freely distribute the work published with reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of this magazine.
2. Authors are entitled to enter into a separate agreement on additional non-exclusive distribution of work in the form in which it was published in the magazine (eg work place in the electronic repository institution or publish monographs in part), provided that the reference to the first publication of this magazine.
3. Policy magazine allows and encourages authors placement on the Internet (eg, in storage facilities or on personal websites) manuscript of how to submit the manuscript to the editor and during his editorial processing, since it contributes to productive scientific discussion and positive impact on the efficiency and dynamics of citing published work (see. The Effect of Open Access).
