POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOSARCOPENIA
(LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESULTS OF OWN RESEARCH)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/24116-4944.2020.2.11845Keywords:
predicting the risk of fractures, preventionAbstract
The aim of the study – analysis of literature data and the results of our own research on the problem of osteosarcopenia in postmenopausal women: pathophysiological mechanisms of development, risk factors, approaches to diagnosis, treatment, predicting the risk of fractures and their prevention. Postmenopausal osteosarcopenia, the development of which is caused by genetic factors, changes in body composition, low physical activity, estrogen and vitamin D deficiency, leads to a decrease in muscle mass, strength, functionality, as well as a decrease in bone mineral density, which is realized in an increase in the frequency of fractures, disability and mortality. Currently, there is no specific treatment for sarcopenia, the primary one is prevention. Early diagnosis of osteosarcopenia, predicting the risk of fractures and their prevention is the way to preserve the quality and independence of a woman᾽s life.
Materials and Methods. The study involved 65 women aged (55.7±0.6) years, postmenopausal with osteoporosis. Assessment of the state of the musculoskeletal system and the risk of falls were studied using functional tests, ultrasound examination of the main ultrasound parameters m. quadriceps femoris on ‘‘Toshibaaplio 300’’.
Results and Discussion. Functional tests: impaired coordination, stability and FraxAll (R=-0.67), impaired coordination, stability, risk of falls and FraxAll (R=0.64), dynamometry and FraxAll (R=-0.77), dynamometry and Fraxhit (R=-0.70). Muscle ultrasound parameters: muscle echo and muscle width (R=0.78), muscle echo and pennation angle (R=0.99).
Conclusions. Osteosarcopenia is often observed in women in the postmenopausal, leading to a decrease in muscle mass, strength, functional capabilities, as well as a decrease in bone mineral density, which worsens the quality of life, contributes to an increase in the frequency of falls and, accordingly, the risk of fractures. Functional tests of the state of skeletal tissue are highly informative in terms of predicting the risk of fractures. Ultrasound measurement of muscle parameters is a tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment of sarcopenia.
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