COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF THE RAW MATERIAL OF (PHYLA SCABERRIMA (JUSS. EX PERS.) MOLDENKE

Abstract

Introduction. Essential oils are multicomponent mixtures of fragrant, volatile substances that accumulate in various parts of plants and are found in more than 2,500 species of different genera. Of great interest as an essential oil plant is one of the oldest medicinal plants – Phyla scaberrima (Juss. ex Pers.) Moldenke (Lippia dulcis Trevir.) from the verbena family (Verbenaceae), which originates from the countries of Central America and Mexico. In the traditional Mexican in medicine, licorice is used to treat colds, bronchitis, indigestion, and its preparations relieve coughs. Pharmacognostic study of lipia licorice is insufficient.

The aim of the study – to determine the qualitative composition and establish the quantitative content of essential oil components in the generative and vegetative organs of licorice licorice and conduct their comparative analysis.

Research Methods. The component composition of volatile compounds was determined by the method of gas chromatography mass spectrometry on an "Agilent Technology 6890N" chromatograph. To identify the components of the mani spectra were considered on the basis of general patterns of fragmentation of molecules of organic compounds under the influence of electronic impact, as well as by comparing the obtained results with library data of NIST 08 mass spectra with a total number of spectra of more than 470,000 combined with programs for the identification fications of AMDIS and NIST 08. Quantitative content was determined by the method of internal standards. Quantitative content was determined by the method of internal standards.

Results and Discussion. As a result of the conducted research, 38 essential oil components were found in licorice leaves, of which 35 were identified, 48 components were identified in flowers, 26 were identified, 26 were identified in roots, 20 were identified, 33 were identified in seeds, 24 were identified in shoots, 24 – were identified, 20 components were identified. The total content of the identified components of the studied essential oil was 682.39 μg/g in the leaves, 86.78 μg/g in the flowers, 86.07 μg/g in the roots, 87.35 μg/g in the seeds, and 87.35 μg/g in the shoots. 1277.67 µg/g. The highest content of the sum of the identified components of the essential oil of licorice was observed in the shoots, somewhat lower in the leaves. The dominant component in all studied oils is camphor, which is most abundantly found in the essential oil of licorice shoots (542.14 μg/g, which was 42.43 % of the total number of identified components). A somewhat lower content of camphor was observed in the essential oil of plant leaves – 211.17 μg/g or 30.95 % of the total number of identified components. The content of camphor in the essential oils of flowers, roots and seeds of licorice also prevailed – 20.15 μg/g, 30.30 μg/g and 34.97 μg/g (23.22 %, 32.20 % and 39.81 % from the total number of identified components) respectively.

Conclusions. The component composition of the essential oil of the generative (flowers and seeds) and ve­getative (leaves, roots and shoots) organs of licorice was first investigated by the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and their comparative analysis was carried out. The composition of essential oils obtained from the leaves, flowers, roots, seeds and shoots of licorice is dominated by monoterpenoids – camphor and camphene, which can be marker compounds of these types of raw materials. The essential oils of the researched raw materials of licorice differ in their qualitative component composition and their quantitative content. Common components of the studied essential oils of various organs of licorice are: camphor, camphene, limonene, α-pinene, borneol, α-bisabolol and caryophyllene.