FEATURES OF STRUCTURAL-SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE BLOOD СHANNELS OF RAT LUNG NORMALLY AND ITS REORGANIZATION IN GENERAL DEHYDRATION

Abstract

Experimental animal modeling of various diseases is one of the main methods of studying the patterns of development of pathological processes that are common in clinical practice. At the same time, in order to objectively compare the experimental data and their subsequent extrapolation to a person, it is important to know the basic morphometric parameters of organs and tissues in the norm. As for general dehydration, it arises due to a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions and can cause severe violations in various organs, including lungs.

The aim of the study – to determine the peculiarities of the structural and spatial organization of the blood channel of lungs of rats in norm and give a quantitative description of changes of its separate parameters at the general dehydration.

Material and Methods. Experiments were carried out on white laboratory sexually-mature male rats, which modeled general dehydration of different degrees of severity. The research was carried out using X-ray diffraction, histologic, morphometric and statistical techniques.

Results. According to the results of the study, certain specific peculiarities of the structural organization of the pulmonary tissue and the bloodstream of the lungs in the rats were determined and their quantitative assessment was made. These peculiarities include the ratio between right and left lungs by volume and mass, division each lung for lobes and the corresponding branching of their blood vessels. A peculiarity is also a rather frequent detection of arteries of the "locking" type. At prolonged general dehydration, ascending vasoconstriction with the simultaneous decrease in the throughput of branches of small and middle caliber pulmonary arteries and enlargement of the lumen and increase of capacity of intra-organ arteries of large caliber were noted.

Conclusions. 1. In rats, the right lung predominates much to the left in terms of volume and mass and their ratio is 2.22 to 1.00. 2. The peculiarity of the lungs of rats is their division into lobes: the right is divided into 4 lobes, the left lobe division is not expressed, which determines the features of the branching of the right and left pulmonary arteries. 3. Prolonged general dehydration leads to the decrease in the flow capacity of bloodstream of the lungs due to increased tone and narrowing of the lumen of the branches of the small and middle caliber pulmonary arteries, as well as of the bronchial arteries with the simultaneous enlargement of the lumen and the increase in the capacity of the intranasal arteries of large caliber.