ORGANIZATION OF THE REHABILITATION OF CARDIOLOGICAL PATIENTS

Abstract

Myocardial infarction was and remains a disease that leads to death and disability of the population. Previously, patients with myocardial infarction should observe strict bed rest for at least a month, with absolutely no active motions, for maximum unloading of the heart. Such a regime had unfavorable psychological effects, contributed to stagnation in the lungs and hypostatic pneumonia, atony of the intestine, impaired urination. In 1952, Americans Levine S. A. and Lown B. proposed to use in the treatment of patients with heart attack from the first days sitting in the chair. According to A. Myasnikov, the only Soviet professor who recognized the idea of early rehabilitation was Oleynyk S. F. The success of the application of early physical rehabilitation in patients with myocardial infarction prof.

S. Oleynyk made a report at the Ukrainian congress of therapists in 1965, and in 1972 in the All-Union Journal «Cardiology» it was officially acknowledged that early physical rehabilitation during myocardial infarction for the first time in the USSR began to be used in Lviv. Now, no doctor has doubts about the need for arbitrary movements, massages and therapeutic exercises, an earlier recovery from the bed, walking from the first days of the illness. Monograph «Modern diagnostics and treatment of acute myocardial infarction», the result of the work of the author’s team consisting of Antonenko L. M., Zharinova O. I., Ivaniv Yu. A., Pavlyuk V. I., Chubuchikh V. M., Yutanova V. I., devoted to «the memory of Professor Stepan Oleynyk, who for the first time in Ukraine organized the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction in blocks of intensive care and introduced an early rehab, bravely defeating outdated stereotypes.»

The main goal of rehabilitation of patients is to restore the fullest possible life of the patient, including the return to work. Physical, psychological and socioeconomic factors need to be taken into account during rehabilitation. The process should begin as early as possible after admission to the hospital and continue for the next weeks and months.

Conclusions. 1. In Ukraine, the incidence of illnesses in the circulatory system increases annually, and indicators of temporary and permanent loss of disability increase, which leads to significant economic costs.

1. There is a need to introduce clear programs for the rehabilitation of cardiac patients.
2. Insufficient implementation of modern cardio-rehabilitation programs is a pan-European problem, which leads to a significant spread of risk factors associated with coronary complications, low level of physical activity of patients.
3. Physical rehabilitation is a composite conservative and surgical treatment of cardiac patients. It needs to be done early in order to reduce the risk of complications and to improve the recovery processes of impaired functions. Physical rehabilitation should be comprehensive, including physical, psychological, labor and social components.

The International Practical Conference (22-23 March 2018) on cardio-rehabilitation, organized by the Ukrainian Catholic University’s School of Rehabilitation Medicine, led by Dr. Bohdan Prach, with the support of experts from the European Association of Prophylactic Cardiology, professors Hugo Saner and Joppa Perca, will stimulate the further implementation of rehabilitation events in Ukraine, not only for specialized departments, but also for the primary link family doctors.