THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS MODES OF IMMOBILIZATION STRESS ON ORGANISM LESION IN HIGH-RESISTANT AND LOW-RESISTANT TO HYPOXIC HYPOXIA FEMALE AND MALE RATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2018.v0.i1.8592Keywords:
stress, hypoxia, stomach, autonomous regulation.Abstract
Introduction. We are followed by everyday stress the response to which depends on gender, age, individual reactivity, the state of various body functions.
The aim of the study – to determine interrelation between the stomach lesion, cytokines system and regulation mechanisms as concerns to autonomous nervous system (ANS) in high-resistant and low-resistant to hypoxic hypoxia (HRH, LRH) rats of different gender in response to various conditions of immobilization stress.
Materials and Methods. The experiments were carried out on 144 high-resistant and low-resistant (HRH, LRH) to hypoxia female and male rats. The first group – control group, the second and the third – stress 1 and stress 2 (an hour- long immobilization each 72 or 24 hours, 4 times). Interleukin (IL) content, necrosis swelling factor alpha (FSN-alpha) were determined in blood. The amount of hemorrhages, erosions , ulcers, their rate and multiplicity were determined in mucous membrane of the stomach. Variational cardiointervalometer method was carried out for examination of variation range (VR), mode (Mo), mode amplitude(AMo), stress index(SI). Statistical processing of digital data was done by means of «Excel» and «STATISTICA» 6.0 programs.
Results. In control group of HRH-males compared to LRH concentration of IL-1 beta was less, IL-4 concentration was higher. The increase of FSN-alpha, IL-10 is marked in males under stress 1. Under stress 2 in HRH IL-1 beta, FSN-alpha, IL-10 were increased; in LRH FSN-alpha indices were increased. Higher concentration of IL-10 was marked in control group of HRH-females compared to LRH. IL-10 beta, FSN-alpha were increased in HRH under stress 1, IL-1beta, IL-4, FSN- alpha were increased in LRH under stress 1; IL-10 indices were higher in HRH. Under stress 2 FSN-alpha, IL-6 were increased in HRH, in LRH IL-10 and FSN-alpha were increased.
In cardiointervalometry study indices of AMo and Is were higher in control group of of LRH-males) were revealed in LRH-males of control group. Under stress 1 Mo was increased; indices of AMo and SI remained higher in LRH; VR remained higher in HRH. Under stress 2 Mo indices were increased in HRH, AMo and SI was decreased in LRH. Mo indices were less compared to HRH. AMo and SI were higher in control group of HRH-females. Under stress 1 in LRH Mo,VR were decreased
, IS indices were increased. Indices of Mo, VR were less in LRH females compared to HRH, but AMo and SI were higher. Under stress 2 AMo indices were increased in HRH; in LRH Mo and AMo were decreased. Mo was less in LRH-females compared to HRH.
Chronic stress was accompanied by ulcers of mucous membrane of the stomach, critical distinctions of ulcerogenesis indices which depend on gender, hypoxia resistance and mode of stress were observed.
Conclusions. 1. The highest activity of anti-inflammatory cytokines of intact rats is revealed in HRL-males that persists during various modes of stress.
The highest activity of proinflammatory cytokines was marked in LRH-females under stress 1, in HRH males – under stress 2. Individual sensitivity to various modes of stress was revealed in HRH and LRH rats: sympathetic impacts by humoral canals are decreased under stress 1 in males, in LRH sympathetic regulation by humoral canals is increased but parasympathetic is decreased; the activity of sympathetic nervous system due to humoral impacts decreases in HRH males under stress 2. As for nervous impacts, they are decreased in LRH males but increased in HRH females. The activity of sympathetic nervous system by nervous canals is decreased in LRH- females and by humoral canals is increased.
Macroscopic injuries of mucous membrane of the stomach were marked in all groups of animals under chronic stress.
Introduction.Wearefollowedbyeverydaystresstheresponsetowhichdependsongender,age,individualreactivity,thestateofvariousbodyfunctions.
The aim ofthe study–todetermineinterrelation betweenthe stomachlesion, cytokinessystem andregulationmechanismsasconcernstoautonomousnervoussystem(ANS)inhigh-resistantandlow-resistanttohypoxichypoxia(HRH,LRH)ratsofdifferentgenderinresponsetovariousconditionsofimmobilizationstress.
MaterialsandMethods.Theexperimentswerecarriedouton144high-resistantandlow-resistant(HRH,LRH)tohypoxiafemaleandmalerats.Thefirstgroup–controlgroup,thesecondandthethird–stress1andstress2(anhour-longimmobilizationeach72or24hours,4times).Interleukin(IL)content,necrosisswellingfactoralpha(FSN-alpha)weredeterminedinblood.Theamountofhemorrhages,erosions,ulcers,theirrateandmultiplicityweredeterminedinmucousmembraneofthestomach.Variationalcardiointervalometermethodwascarriedoutforexaminationofvariationrange(VR),mode(Mo),modeamplitude(AMo),stressindex(SI).Statisticalprocessingofdigitaldatawasdonebymeansof«Excel»and«STATISTICA»6.0programs.
Results.IncontrolgroupofHRH-malescomparedtoLRHconcentrationofIL-1betawasless,IL-4concentrationwashigher.TheincreaseofFSN-alpha,IL-10ismarkedinmalesunderstress1.Understress2inHRHIL-1beta,FSN-alpha,IL-10wereincreased;inLRHFSN-alphaindiceswereincreased.Higherconcentrationof IL-10 wasmarkedincontrolgroupofHRH-femalescomparedtoLRH.IL-10beta,FSN-alphawereincreasedinHRHunderstress1,IL-1beta,IL-4,FSN-alphawereincreasedinLRHunderstress1;IL-10indiceswerehigherinHRH.Understress2FSN-alpha,IL-6wereincreasedinHRH,inLRHIL-10andFSN-alphawereincreased.
IncardiointervalometrystudyindicesofAMoandIswerehigherincontrolgroupofofLRH-males)wererevealedinLRH-malesofcontrolgroup.Understress1Mowasincreased;indicesofAMoandSIremainedhigherinLRH;VRremainedhigherinHRH.Understress2MoindiceswereincreasedinHRH,AMoandSIwasdecreasedinLRH.MoindiceswerelesscomparedtoHRH.AMoandSIwerehigherincontrolgroupofHRH-females.Understress1inLRHMo,VRweredecreased
,ISindiceswereincreased.IndicesofMo,VRwerelessinLRHfemalescomparedtoHRH,butAMoandSIwerehigher.Understress2AMoindiceswereincreasedinHRH;inLRHMoandAMoweredecreased.MowaslessinLRH-femalescompared to HRH.
Chronicstresswasaccompaniedbyulcersofmucousmembraneofthestomach,criticaldistinctionsofulcerogenesisindiceswhichdependongender,hypoxiaresistanceandmodeofstresswereobserved.
Conclusions.1.Thehighestactivityofanti-inflammatorycytokinesofintactratsisrevealedinHRL-malesthatpersistsduringvariousmodesofstress.
ThehighestactivityofproinflammatorycytokineswasmarkedinLRH-femalesunderstress1,inHRHmales–understress2.IndividualsensitivitytovariousmodesofstresswasrevealedinHRHandLRHrats:sympatheticimpactsbyhumoralcanalsaredecreasedunderstress1inmales,inLRHsympatheticregulationbyhumoralcanalsisincreasedbutparasympatheticisdecreased;theactivityofsympatheticnervoussystemduetohumoralimpactsdecreasesinHRHmalesunderstress2.Asfornervousimpacts,theyaredecreasedinLRHmalesbutincreasedinHRHfemales.TheactivityofsympatheticnervoussystembynervouscanalsisdecreasedinLRH-femalesandbyhumoralcanalsisincreased.
Macroscopicinjuriesofmucousmembraneofthestomachweremarkedinallgroupsofanimalsunderchronicstress.
References
Kötter, T., & Niebuhr, F. (2016). Resource-oriented coaching for reduction of examination-related stress in medical students: an exploratory randomized controlled trial. Adv. Med. Educ. Pract., 7, 497-504.
Crea, F., Battipaglia, I., & Andreotti, F. Sex diff
in mechanisms, presentation and management of ischaemic heart disease. Atherosclerosis, 241 (1), 157-168.
Kornatskyi, V.M., & Dorokhina, A.M. (2017). Moleku- liarno-henetychni mekhanizmy indyvidualnoi stresostiikosti [Molecular-genetic mechanisms of individual stress resis- tance]. Svit medytsyny ta biolohii – World of Medicine and Biology, 2 (60), 183-190 [in Ukrainian].
Rodin, R., Bonanno, G.A., & Rahman, N. (2016). Expressive fl in combat veterans with postraumatic stress disorder and depression. J. Aff . Disord., 207, 236-241.
Pimple, P., Shah, A.J., & Rooks, C. (2015). Angina and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia. J. Psycho som. Res., 78 (5), 433-437.
Berezovskiy, V.A. (1978). Gipoksiya i individualnye osobennosti reaktivnosti [Hypoxia and individual peculiarities of reactivity]. Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Russian]
Kulinskiy, V.I. (1992). Dve adaptasionnye strategii v neblagopriyatnykhusloviyakhrezistentnayaitolerantnaya.
