THE ROLE OF KNEE MODULES IN RESTORING GAIT SYMMETRY IN PATIENTS AFTER TRANSFEMORAL AMPUTATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i4.15807Keywords:
prosthetic rehabilitation, gait after amputation, knee module, transfemoral amputation, gait biomechanics, adaptation to walking with a prosthesisAbstract
SUMMARY. Transfemoral amputation (TFA) is one of the most complex types of amputation, leading to significant biomechanical and functional impairments, including gait asymmetry, low back pain, development of osteoarthritis of the contralateral limb, and an increased risk of falls. The choice of prosthetic knee module plays a decisive role in the rehabilitation process of patients after TFA, as it determines the quality, safety, and energy efficiency of gait. Modern microprocessor knee modules (MPKM) are a technological breakthrough in prosthetics, providing automatic resistance adjustment depending on the gait phase, speed of movement, and surface conditions, which contributes to the restoration of a more natural gait pattern.
The aim – to systematize, analyze, and critically evaluate existing scientific data on the impact of different types of prosthetic knee modules, in particular microprocessor-controlled ones, on the restoration of gait symmetry in patients after transfemoral amputation.
Material and Methods. An analytical review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The following keywords were used for the search: prosthetic rehabilitation, gait after amputation, knee module, transfemoral amputation, gait biomechanics, prosthetic gait adaptation. Studies were selected that examined gait biomechanics, neuromotor adaptation, spatiotemporal parameters, and functional outcomes of MCM use.
Results. Analysis of the studies showed that the use of KMMs such as C-Leg and Genium contributes to increased safety, stability, and symmetry of gait. These modules reduce energy expenditure, improve movement control, reduce the load on the healthy limb, and reduce the likelihood of falls. In addition to biomechanical benefits, the use of MCMs has a positive effect on the psychological state, body image perception, and quality of life of patients. At the same time, there is a need for further research aimed at studying the long-term impact of MCMs on the level of activity and participation in social life.
Conclusions. Microprocessor knee modules are an effective means of improving gait symmetry and functional independence in patients after transfemoral amputation. Their use contributes to a reduction in compensatory movements, increased stability, and quality of life, confirming the feasibility of widespread implementation of MKM in clinical prosthetics and rehabilitation practice.
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