THE ROLE OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR IN THE RESTORATION OF NEUROPLASTICITY IN CHILDREN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i4.15767Keywords:
neuroplasticity, neurodevelopmental disorders, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurobiology, biomarker, rehabilitation prognosis, early interventionAbstract
SUMMARY. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a key molecule in the field of neuroscience and neurobiology, playing a crucial role in the differentiation, development, survival and maintenance of neurons, BDNF also acts as a neurotransmitter and is involved in the plasticity of the nervous system. The relevance of in-depth analysis of the action of neurotrophins, in particular BDNF, is growing in connection with the search for effective approaches to early intervention and rehabilitation in neurodevelopmental disorders.
The aim – to systematize modern scientific data on the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on neuroplasticity processes in childhood, analysis of mechanisms of action and evaluation of its potential as a prognostic tool in the system of medical and biological support for children with brain damage.
Material and Methods. A systematic search of scientific sources was carried out in leading international scientific and metric databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The search was conducted using combinations of keywords, including terms: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; child development; postnatal developmental; cerebral plasticity.
Results. An increasing number of scientific studies focus on the impact of BDNF on the development of the nervous system in children, the relationship between BDNF levels in early life and indicators of neurodevelopment, cognitive functioning and social adaptation. BDNF can serve as an early marker of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly in preterm infants. Its level is associated with psychosocial skills, responds to rehabilitation, and reflects environmental influences, which confirms its potential as a biomarker of neuroplasticity and the effectiveness of interventions.
Conclusions. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of neuroplasticity, especially during critical periods of development of the child’s nervous system. BDNF levels correlate with cognitive function, motor development, and response to rehabilitation interventions. BDNF affects neuronal survival, the formation of new synapses and modification of CNS functional networks and opens up new opportunities for the implementation of rehabilitation strategies.
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