ULTRAMICROSCOPIC ORGANIZATION OF THE KIDNEY FILTRATION BARRIER OF WHITE RATS AT NORMAL CONDITIONS AND UNDER EXPERIMENTAL TOXIC INFLUENCE OF TETRACHLOROMETHANE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i3.15563Keywords:
ultrastructure, nephron, renal corpuscle, podocyte, endothelium, nephrotoxicityAbstract
SUMMARY. The toxic effect of xenobiotics on kidney function has long been a topical problem of experimental research. Xenobiotics can exert both direct and indirect effects on renal vessels and nephron structures. Carbon tetrachloride is quite often used as an experimental model for inducing hepatotoxicity in experimental animals and for a model of renal failure and nephrotoxicity.
The aim – to establish the features of ultrastructural changes in the kidney filtration barrier under conditions of experimental toxic injury of rats with carbon tetrachloride.
Material and Methods. The study was performed on sexually mature white male rats. Carbon tetrachloride was administered intragastrically every other day in the form of a 50% oil solution at a dose of 2 g/kg of animal body weight. The study was conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals. On the second and seventh days from the start of carbon tetrachloride administration, the animals were removed from the experiment. The material for electron microscopic examination of the kidney was collected according to the generally accepted method. The state of functional activity of the kidneys was assessed by studying the dynamics of changes in the concentrations of creatinine and urea in the blood of animals. The obtained quantitative results were subjected to statistical processing using the STATISTICA 13 program.
Results. The morphological state of the structures of the renal corpuscle of intact animals and submicroscopic changes in the structures of the filtration barrier of the kidneys of white rats under conditions of toxic damage by carbon tetrachloride of different duration were studied. Electron microscopy has shown that on the 2nd and 7th day after the start of carbon tetrachloride administration, significant destructive changes occur in the structural components of the nephron. During this period, the components of the renal filtration barrier are in a state of functional stress, which is the result of direct and indirect nephrotoxic effects on the kidney. Morphologically, this is evidenced by increased fenestration in the endothelium, local thickening of the basement membrane, and moderate hypertrophy of podocyte mitochondria. The dynamics of changes in the glomerular apparatus is closely related to changes in the capillary basement membrane, which, as the damaging factor affects it, thickens, becomes homogeneous, osmiophilic, and loses its three-layer structure. Podocytes and endothelium undergo dystrophy. The gaps between cytopodia are small or poorly visible. These changes cause a violation of the first stage of urine formation – filtration. Determinations of urea and creatinine levels in the blood of experimental animals after simulated carbon tetrachloride injury showed a significant increase in these indicators on the 2nd and 7th day of the experiment (p≤0.05).
Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that experimental toxic injury of rats with carbon tetrachloride causes structural changes in the components of the renal filtration barrier, which reduces the functional capabilities of the kidneys.
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