THE PECULIARITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LUNG BLOOD VESSELS AND TISSUES OF RATS DURING REPERFUSION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE AFTER PRELIMINARY MODELING OF ITS ACUTE OBSTRUCTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i3.15556Keywords:
intestinal obstruction, reperfusion, arteries, veins, plethora, spasm, edemaAbstract
SUMMARY. An important problem in acute intestinal obstruction is multiorgan failure, which is based on the phenomenon of "double blow", namely, due to the violation of the enteric and hepatic barriers, it manifests itself in the initiation of pulmonary dysfunction. The lungs are a target organ, including from the point of view of the mechanisms of bacterial translocation.
The aim – to establish the features of the dynamics and sequence of morphological changes in the vessels and lung parenchyma during the reperfusion of small intestine after previous modeling of it acute obstruction.
Material and Methods. The experiments were conducted on 54 outbred white laboratory male rats. Acute intestinal obstruction was simulated by ligation of the small intestine with a silk ligature 5 cm above the place of its confluence with the cecum. Restoration of the digestive tract patency was performed 48 hours after the start of the experiment. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to Weigert and Van Gieson.
Results. In the course of the experiment on rats, it was found that the pulmonary artery in acute intestinal obstruction responds to a compensatory increase in resistance in the form of increased wall tone with narrowing of the lumen, as a response to hypovolemia, which naturally occurs in such cases. Bronchial arteries respond by increasing their throughput, which could also have a compensatory value, given the functionality of these vessels.
Restoration of the patency of the digestive canal after a previous 48-hour occlusion initially does not lead to an improvement in blood circulation in the lungs and even a deepening of previously detected disorders was noted. Dilated bronchial arteries change the response to spasm, which may indicate similar mechanisms of influence on the vascular wall of the pulmonary and bronchial arteries. The reason for this may be a hemodynamic and oxygen double shock in the vessels of the small intestine. Changes in the blood vessels of the lungs are secondary in nature, possibly under the influence of hemodynamic factors, as well as additional toxic effects.
Conclusions. Acute intestinal obstruction leads to a restructuring of the pulmonary blood flow, the nature and intensity of which depends on the duration of the pathological process and determines the degree of restructuring of the pulmonary vessels, which is manifested in a progressive decrease in their throughput in the form of wall thickening and lumen narrowing.
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