CYCLIC VOMITING SYNDROME IN CHILDREN (A REVIEW BASED ON THE 2025 RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, AND NUTRITION)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i3.15553Keywords:
children, cyclic vomiting syndrome, recommendations, diagnosis, treatmentAbstract
SUMMARY. Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is one of the functional gastrointestinal disorders that, according to the literature, affects approximately 2 % of children. It is traditionally considered a pediatric condition associated with migraine, yet it is frequently underdiagnosed and ineffectively treated, even after diagnosis is confirmed. The primary characteristic of CVS is the stereotypical, recurrent pattern of episodes involving intense nausea and vomiting that last from several hours to several days, with complete symptom resolution between episodes. Therefore, diagnosis is primarily clinical. Management of acute CVS episodes aims to alleviate symptoms, reduce episode duration, and prevent dehydration and hospitalization. Treatment also includes appropriate counseling on healthy lifestyle practices, development of individualized management plans, and prophylactic pharmacotherapy.
The aim – to analyze evidence-based recommendations developed to replace previous consensus-based expert guidelines and to support patients and clinicians in the management of pediatric CVS.
Material and Methods. This review utilized published results from recent scientific studies on the diagnosis of CVS in pediatric patients. The article is a synthesis of the analyzed sources and the authors expert opinion.
Results. In 2025, the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) developed evidence-based guidelines for the management of pediatric CVS. These were based on systematic reviews and assessment of the quality of evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. Through the application of this structured methodology by a multidisciplinary team, a comprehensive document was created that integrates both clinical experience and scientific evidence. This aims to assist clinicians and their patients in timely diagnosis, effective treatment, and improved quality of life.
Conclusion. The NASPGHAN guidelines emphasize a combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies, with a focus on early intervention and prevention. This article is intended for a broad audience of healthcare professionals who encounter children with CVS, and it includes a detailed clinical profile, diagnostic criteria, and an analysis of current treatment approaches.
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