OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i3.15552Keywords:
obstructive sleep apnea, bronchial asthma, comorbidityAbstract
SUMMARY. According to statistics, approximately 936 million adults worldwide between the ages of 30 and 69 are affected by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with nearly 425 million individuals suffering from moderate to severe forms of the condition. These figures highlight the significant burden OSA places on healthcare systems and emphasize the need to develop effective diagnostic and treatment strategies to reduce its negative impact.
The aim – to analyze current scientific data on the pathophysiological mechanisms, mutual influence, and clinical features of the combined course of OSA and bronchial asthma (BA).
Material and Methods. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases among publications from the last 10 years (2015–2025) using the keywords: "obstructive sleep apnea," "bronchial asthma," "comorbidity".
Results. The comorbidity of BA and OSA represents a significant clinical challenge due to their shared pathophysiological pathways. Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress are the main pathogenic links in the mutual aggravation of these conditions. The course of OSA in patients with BA is significantly influenced by obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, arterial hypertension, and allergic rhinitis, which commonly accompany both conditions. Identifying OSA in patients with BA can lead to more effective treatment strategies and improved overall asthma control. A personalized approach to managing patients with OSA and BA is essential for achieving optimal clinical outcomes and enhancing patients’ quality of life.
Conclusions. Clinicians should carefully assess the presence of symptoms that may indicate OSA in patients with BA. Special attention should also be paid to comorbid conditions that are predictors of OSA development in this patient group, particularly obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and resistant arterial hypertension. The use of screening tools to assess the risk of OSA in asthma patients can increase the effectiveness of medical care and improve clinical outcomes.
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