THE MICROBIOME AS A SYSTEMIC REGULATOR OF HUMAN HEALTH: CURRENT CONCEPTS AND PERSPECTIVES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i3.15548Keywords:
human microbiome, homeostasis, metabolism, biotopes, microbial balanceAbstract
Summary. This article highlights the evolutionary and functional aspects of the microbiota and its importance for human health, particularly in the context of systemic regulation.
The aim – to summarise current data on the importance of the microbiome in maintaining human body homeostasis, in particular the gut microbiome, and to assess the impact of different microbiota biotopes on physiological processes.
Material and Methods. To achieve this goal, we performed a systematic analysis of the scientific literature on the formation of the human microbiota during ontogeny and its role in the regulation of physiological processes. The information search was carried out using scientometric databases and electronic platforms such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Medscape and Google Scholar. Modern scientific sources covering evolutionary, structural and functional aspects of the human microbiome were included in the analysis. A systematic analytical approach was used to summarise the data obtained.
Results. The article looks at how the human microbiome has evolved and how it works. It discusses how microbiota formation during ontogenesis affects physiological processes. It focuses on the gut microbiome as a unique ecosystem that stabilises the body's internal environment, affecting metabolic, immune and neurohumoral processes. It also considers other biotopes, such as the skin, oral cavity, lungs, placenta and female reproductive system, which are important in maintaining the body's homeostasis. It emphasises that even organs that were previously sterile may contain microbiome communities with functional significance.
Conclusions.The human microbiome, especially the gut microbiome, plays a key role in maintaining health by interacting with the immune, metabolic and neurohumoral systems of the body. Maintaining its balance is essential for disease prevention and maintaining the body's physiological balance. Modern methods of metagenomics and metabolomics allow us to better understand how the microbiome interacts with the body, which opens up new perspectives for medical practice.
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