MEMBRANE DESTRUCTIVE PROCESSES IN RATS AFTER EXPOSURE TO HIGH DOSES OF SODIUM BENZOATE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i2.15317Keywords:
sodium benzoate, white rats, membrane-destructive processes, cytolysis, organ-specific enzymes, erythrocyte intoxication indexAbstract
SUMMARY. Food additives are often added to food products to improve their organoleptic properties or to extend their shelf life, for a more attractive appearance. The modern food industry is characterized by the widespread addition of a variety of preservatives to food products. In particular, E211, or sodium benzoate, is often used for this purpose, which is also used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Data on the effects of sodium benzoate on the human body are quite contradictory. In excess of the permissible dose, this preservative can have a harmful effect on the liver and kidneys, reduce hemoglobin levels, disrupt the activity of redox processes, and cause allergic reactions.
The aim – to investigate the activity of membrane destructive processes in the liver and erythrocytes of rats poisoned with high doses of sodium benzoate.
Material and Methods. The study was conducted on 54 white sexually mature non-linear male rats with a body weight of 170–180 g, which were randomly divided into three groups, one of which served as an intact control. The rats of the second group received sodium benzoate at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight. The third group of rats was administered sodium benzoate at a dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight. The rats were administered the preservative intragastrically daily in the above doses. The study was conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals. Rats were removed from the experiment after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days from the start of sodium benzoate administration. The effect of the preservative on cytolytic processes in rats was assessed by the following indicators: activity of aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and erythrocyte intoxication index. The results obtained were subjected to statistical processing using the STATISTICA 13 program.
Results. A significant increase in the erythrocyte intoxication index was observed at all times of the experiment when rats were poisoned with sodium benzoate at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight (p≤0.05). In rats that received the preservative at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, this indicator significantly increased on the 21st day and 28th day from the beginning of the experiment.
A significant increase in the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase was found in the blood serum of animals poisoned with sodium benzoate at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight at all times of the study. These indicators reached their maximum value at the end of the experiment and were 1.7 times and 2.4 times higher than the intact control, respectively. An increase in the activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum was registered after the rats were exposed to increased doses of the preservative. In the liver of experimental animals, a reverse trend was observed in the activity of these enzymes. Their probable decrease was noted when using both doses of the preservative, which may indicate hepatotoxicity of sodium benzoate.
Conclusions. Poisoning of rats with sodium benzoate in elevated doses (10 and 30 mg/kg of animal body weight) activates membrane destructive processes in their body, which leads to changes in the permeability of plasma membranes of hepatocytes and erythrocytes, as indicated by changes in the activities of organ-specific enzymes and the erythrocyte intoxication index.
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