STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF NEPHROPROTECTIVE COLLECTION ON THE KIDNEY STRUCTURE OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL GENTAMICIN NEPHROPATHY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i2.15314Keywords:
gentamicin nephropathy, morphological changes, rats, kidney, nephroprotective herbs collectionAbstract
SUMMARY. Diseases of kidneys are one of the urgent problems of health protection and the cause of 1.5 % of all deaths in the world. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a dangerous complication of such diseases. Apart from high mortality, ARF is also associated with the development of chronic kidney diseases (CKD).
Drug-induced acute renal failure (ARF), especially due to the influence of antibiotics, has a special place among the reasons for the prevalence of renal diseases. Aminoglycosides have a leading place among these drugs with nephrotoxic effect, especially gentamicin. This preparation is most often used as a means of simulating nephrotoxicity in animals.
In order to prevent kidney damage and progression and chronicity of diseases, nephroprotectors are used. For this purpose, in complex treatment of renal diseases, some medicinal plants that contain a Biologically Active Substances (BAS) complex, are also used. They exhibit antioxidant, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antispasmodic, membrane-stabilizing properties that improve blood circulation in the kidneys, the rate of urine filtration, etc.
The aim – to study the corrective effect of nephroprotective herbs collection on the microscopic structure of the kidneys and compare its effectiveness with the action of a reference-drug “Hofitol” under conditions of the experimental toxic damage to the kidneys by gentamicin.
Material and Methods. Nephroprotective properties of the subject herbs collection was studied on the model of acute toxic kidney damage by gentamicin. The experiments have been carried out on sexually mature female rats weighing 160–280 g in compliance with the requirements of bioethics. Rats were removed from the experiment by decapitation under light thiopental sodium anesthesia, kidneys were isolated. Pieces of organ were fixed in 10 % formalin solution, dehydrated in ethanol solutions of various concentrations and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to Van Gieson method.
Microscopic examination of specimens was carried out under a Granum microscope, photomicrographs were made with Granum digital video camera DCM 310. Photographs were processed on a Pentium 2,4 GHz computer using Toup View program.
Results. The obtained morphological data proved that researched nephroprotective plant collection significantly reduced the damaging effect of gentamicin: the size of the affected areas of renal parenchyma decreased, blood filling of renal corpuscles was less pronounced, nephrocytes of proximal, distal and loop of Henle tubuli and collecting ducts were significantly better preserved (their cytoplasm looked homogenous, size and number of vacuoles were significantly smaller). This observation was particularly noted in the kidneys of animals that received higher dosage of plant collection.
Conclusions. 1. Histological research showed that nephroprotective herbs collection in doses of 5ml/kg and 10 ml/kg prevented the development of gentamicin-induced nephropathy: structural changes in the convoluted tubes of cortical nephrons were reduced, while structurally intact areas of the renal cortex increased in size.
- Cytoprotective influence of the studied collection in this model of renal pathology had a clear dose-dependent effect.
- Nephroprotective herbs collection in a dose of 10 ml/kg for cytoprotective influence on cortical nephrons was not lower comparing to the reference-drug “Hofitol”.
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