MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF THE MUSCULAR PART OF THE DIAPHRAGM UNDER THE ACTION OF INTRA-ABDOMINAL PRESSURE: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i2.15313Keywords:
pneumoperitoneum, diaphragm, rats, experiment, morphometry, laparoscopyAbstract
SUMMARY. The aim – to investigate changes in morphometric parameters of the costal and lumbar parts of the diaphragm under conditions of pneumoperitoneum with constant intra-abdominal pressure of 5 mmHg for 1, 3, and 5 hours.
Material and Methods. The experimental study was performed on 55 sexually mature rats, which were kept in an accredited vivarium. The healthy control group included 10 rats, morphometric indicators of which were taken as the norm. The remaining animals were divided into three experimental groups: the first group – 15 rats with a pneumoperitoneum duration of 1 hour; the second group – 15 animals with a duration of 3 hours; the third group – 15 rats with 5 hours of pneumoperitoneum duration. At the end of the experiment, the diaphragm was harvested followed by the study of morphological and morphometric parameters.
Results. In the second experimental group, the diameter of the fibers increased by 2.37 % and 3.09 %, respectively, in the rib and lumbar parts. At the same time, the area of the sarcoplasm increased compared to the first group. The diameter of the nuclei also increased by 3.03 % and 3.02 % compared to the indicators of the first experimental group. After 5 hours of pneumoperitoneum, a decrease in the diameter of the muscle fibers of both parts of the diaphragm was established in relation to measurements of the second experimental group – by 0.22 % and 0.98 %, respectively, but their values still exceeded the corresponding indicators in the animals of the first group – by 2.15 % and 2.13 %, respectively. A similar trend was noted when analyzing the indicators of the area of the sarcoplasm and the area of the nucleus. Such a proportional increase in the parameters of sarcoplasm and nuclei almost did not change the nuclear-sarcoplasmic ratio both within the group and in relation to the indicators of the first experimental group. The relative volume of damaged muscle fibers in the rib part exceeded the measurements of the first group by 8.7 times and by 2.0 times of the second group, in the legs – by 5.7 and 1.7 times, respectively.
Conclusions. Pneumoperitoneum leads to an increase in fiber diameter, sarcoplasmic and nuclear area, and an increase in the relative volume of damaged muscle fibers.
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